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1980年以来,共征集到水稻突变种质1600余份,经过整理性鉴定,完成了1142份突变种质的农艺性状和形态特征的分类整理,并对一部分突变种质的八个主要农艺性状与各自的原品种进行了分析。结果表明:辐射诱变产生的突变性状可向原品种的农艺性状正反两个方向发生变化,单一性状变异仅占6.3％,2～6个性状同时发生变异的占91.1％。对早熟突变体“原丰早”遗传分析和矮秆突变体细胞组织学观察,结果表明:“原丰早”的早熟性状是由两对不完全显性基因控制的简单数量性状,彼此独立遗传;矮秆突变体的矮化主要是由于纵向细胞层数减少,茎壁厚度的增加是由于横向细胞层数的增加。经鉴定,保存的突变体中有100多份先后被提供育种单位作亲本利用和遗传研究,已育成新品种(系)16个,对提高粮食产量水平发挥了较大作用。
Since 1980, more than 1600 rice germplasms have been collected. After finishing the identification, 1142 germplasm of agronomic traits and morphological features were sorted out and classified. Eight main agronomic traits The original varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the mutagenic traits induced by radiation could change both positive and negative of agronomic traits of the original cultivars, with only 6.3% of single trait variation and 91.1% of 2 ~ 6 traits simultaneously mutated. The results showed that the early maturity trait of “Yuanfengzao” was a simple quantitative trait controlled by two pairs of incomplete dominant genes, which were independently inherited from each other Dwarfing of the dwarf mutant was mainly due to the decrease of the number of longitudinal cell layers and the increase of the thickness of the stem wall due to the increase of the number of lateral cell layers. More than 100 identified and preserved mutants have been provided with breeding units for their parental and genetic research, and 16 new varieties (lines) have been bred, which have played a greater role in raising grain yield.