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目的通过对西安市2007年麻疹发病情况分析,了解麻疹流行特征,为制定控制措施提供科学依据。方法对2007年麻疹病例进行流行病学分析,实验采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)捕捉法检测IgM抗体。结果2007年西安市麻疹发病398例,发病率5.28/10万,新城、灞桥两个区的流动人口发病高于本地人口;0~9岁为麻疹高发年龄(65.58%),最小年龄96 d,最大年龄65岁;男女性别比例为1.65∶1;3~6月为麻疹高发季节;无免疫史和免疫史不详分别占38.69%,30.40%;常住人口与流动人口有无免疫史,经χ2检验差异有统计学意义(χ2=146.464,n′=2,P<0.001)。实验室诊断率86.08%,阳性率43.07%。结论西安市应以加强常住人口和流动人口麻疹疫苗初免和复种工作的同时,控制流动人口麻疹发病为重点,并对大年龄人群开展麻疹疫苗接种是控制麻疹发病的有效措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in 2007 by analyzing the incidence of measles in Xi’an and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of control measures. Methods The epidemiological analysis of measles in 2007 was carried out. IgM antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The incidence of measles in Xi’an in 1998 was 398, with a prevalence of 5.28 / 100 000. The incidence of migrants in Xincheng and Baqiao were higher than that of the local population. The age of measles was 0 ~ 9 years old (65.58%), the minimum age was 96 days , The maximum age of 65 years old; sex ratio of male to female 1.65: 1; 3 to June for the high incidence of measles; no history of immunization and immune history unknown accounted for 38.69%, 30.40%; permanent population and floating population with or without immune history, The test difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 146.464, n ’= 2, P <0.001). The laboratory diagnosis rate was 86.08%, the positive rate was 43.07%. Conclusions In order to control the incidence of measles, Xi’an should focus on controlling the measles incidence of floating population while strengthening the initial vaccination and multiple cropping of measles vaccine for permanent population and floating population and measles vaccination for large age population.