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热力管道强度设计的目的是计算管道由内压、外部荷载和热胀冷缩等因素引起的力、力矩和应力，从而确定管道的结构尺寸，并采取适当的措施，保证管道安全经济地运行。所有使管道产生内力及应力的因素都称为作用（以前又称为荷载，现结构工程上已用“作用”代替“荷载”）。不同
The purpose of strength design of thermal pipeline is to calculate the force, moment and stress caused by internal pressure, external load and thermal expansion and contraction and other factors, so as to determine the structural size of the pipeline and take appropriate measures to ensure safe and economical operation of the pipeline. All factors that cause internal forces and stresses in the pipeline are called effects (formerly known as loads, and “action” has been used instead of “load” in structural engineering). different