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为提高超级杂交早稻氮肥利用率,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同生育阶段氮素亏缺对超级杂交早稻生长发育、产量形成及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,分蘖期不施氮明显减少了超级杂交早稻的分蘖数和茎、叶、穗部器官干生物质量;分蘖期和幼穗分化期不施氮使超级杂交早稻单株产量显著降低,而幼苗期及抽穗期后缺氮对单株产量影响较小;分蘖期缺氮明显降低了超级杂交早稻单株有效穗数,幼穗分化期缺氮对每穗总粒数和结实率的影响最大;超级杂交早稻单株产量、单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、分蘖及干生物质量均存在一定的氮素亏缺补偿效应,但未发现结实率存在明显的氮素亏缺补偿效应,千粒重补偿效应也极小;总体上,分蘖期至抽穗期,尤其是幼穗分化期保证氮素的充分供应,控制籽粒乳熟后氮肥的使用对超级杂交早稻氮肥农学利用率(ANUE)、氮肥吸收效率(NUPE)、氮收获指数(NHI)、氮肥生理利用率(NPE)、氮肥偏生产力(PFP)可起到优化的效果。超级杂交早稻氮素亏缺的敏感期为分蘖期至幼穗分化期,补偿有效临界期为抽穗期,保证分蘖期至幼穗分化期的氮素供应对于提高超级杂交早稻氮利用率及增加产量极为重要,而对于缺氮条件下的氮肥补追应不能晚于抽穗期。
In order to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of super hybrid rice, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen deficiency on the growth, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of the super hybrid rice at different growth stages. The results showed that no nitrogen application at tillering stage significantly reduced tiller numbers and dry organism biomass of stem, leaf and ear organs at early tillering stage, but significantly decreased single tillering stage and no nitrogen application at young panicle differentiation stage Nitrogen deficiency at seedling stage and heading stage had little effect on single plant yield. Nitrogen deficiency at tillering stage significantly reduced the number of effective panicle per plant of super hybrid early rice. The effect of nitrogen deficiency on panicles per panicle and seed setting rate . There was a certain nitrogen deficiency compensation effect on the yield per plant, the number of panicle per panicle, the total number of panicle per panicle, the tillering and the dry biomass of super hybrid early rice. However, no significant nitrogen deficiency compensation effect was found , And the effect of 1000-grain weight compensation was extremely small. In general, the adequate supply of nitrogen from the tillering stage to the heading stage, especially during the young panicle differentiation stage, controlled the use of nitrogenous fertilizer on the NUE (ANUE) Nitrogen absorption efficiency (NUPE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), NPE and PFP can play an optimal role. The sensitive period of nitrogen deficit in super hybrid rice was tillering stage to young panicle differentiation stage, and the compensation effective critical stage was heading stage, ensuring the nitrogen supply at tillering stage to young panicle stage, which could improve nitrogen utilization and increase yield of super hybrid rice Is extremely important, but for nitrogen deficiency under the nitrogen supplement should not be later than the heading date.