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[目的]对比分析淮安市楚州、金湖两县区居民死亡原因30年前后变化,发现一些有意义的线索,为我市疾病预防控制工作提供决策参考。[方法]利用淮安市楚州、金湖两县区全国第1次、第3次全死因回顾调查数据,进行分析比较,并用生态流行病学方法进行差异分析。[结果]两县区人群期望寿命均显著提高,总死亡率明显下降,死亡谱都发生了改变,慢性非传染性疾病成为主要死亡原因。消化道肿瘤死亡率下降明显,但恶性肿瘤一直处于两县区居民死亡的首位原因。楚州居民年龄标化死亡率从1019.49/10万下降到562.64/10万,金湖从889.19/10万下降到550.06/10万,恶性肿瘤总死亡率分别从262.59/10万下降到162.62/10万和205.70/10万下降到180.02/10万。20世纪70年代的两率两县区有统计学差异,但2006年的调查两县区已无统计学差异。[结论]随着社会、经济的发展,人群死亡率下降,居民期望寿命提高,死亡谱发生了改变,慢性非传染性疾病应成为疾病控制的重点。经济发展的异同,可影响疾病死亡率变化幅度,但有效的防控措施能显著降低居民的疾病死亡率,再次提示疾病控制对社会发展的重要性。
[Objective] To compare and analyze the causes of death among residents in Chuzhou and Jinhu counties of Huai’an City 30 years ago, and find some meaningful clues to provide decision-making reference for the prevention and control of diseases in our city. [Method] The data of the first and third all-cause recall survey in Chuzhou and Jinhu counties of Huaian were analyzed and compared, and the differences were analyzed by using ecopathology. [Results] The life expectancy of both counties was significantly increased, the total mortality decreased significantly, the spectrum of death had changed, and chronic non-communicable diseases became the main cause of death. Digestive tract cancer mortality decreased significantly, but malignant tumors have been the first cause of death in two counties. The annualized mortality rate of Chuzhou residents dropped from 1019.49 / 100000 to 562.64 / 100000, while that of Jinhu dropped from 889.19 / 100000 to 550.06 / 100000, the total mortality of malignant tumors decreased from 262.59 / 100000 to 162.62 / 10 Million and 205.70 / 100,000 dropped to 180.02 / 100,000. There was a statistically significant difference between two counties and two counties in the 1970s, but there was no statistical difference between the two counties in the 2006 survey. [Conclusion] With the social and economic development, the death rate of the population has decreased, the life expectancy of residents has been raised, and the death spectrum has changed. Chronic non-communicable diseases should be the focus of disease control. Similarities and differences in economic development can affect the rate of change in disease mortality, but effective prevention and control measures can significantly reduce the mortality rate of residents and once again prompt the importance of disease control on social development.