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在人类的伦理禁忌中,兄弟背叛与弑杀是一种比乱伦更古老、更厉害的伦理罪行,它的社会表现形式就是国家和种族内部的战争。斯坦贝克在其一生的文学创作中,始终关注人类历史中永恒存在的兄弟背叛与弑杀行为。他认为,人类几千年的兄弟背叛与弑杀,根源于人类伦理本性中的二元性对立:即个体性与群体性、自我之爱与自我之恨、善良与邪恶。根除兄弟背叛与弑杀的终极途径不是暴力手段,而是理性的伦理选择,那就是理性意志与和解。
In the ethical taboos of mankind, brother betrayal and slaughter are more ancient and more violent ethical crimes than incest, and their social manifestation is the war within nations and ethnic groups. Steinbeck, in his literary creation, always pays attention to the betrayal and slaughter of brothers who are eternal in human history. He believes that the betrayal and slaughter of human beings for thousands of years are rooted in the dualistic opposition in the ethical nature of human beings: individuality and collectivism, self-love and self-hating, kindness and evil. The ultimate way to eradicate brother betrayal and slaughter is not violence, but a rational ethical choice, which is the will and reconciliation of reason.