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The paper concs with the relationship between cavitation inception and Sound Pressure Level (SPL).A case study for the Xiaolangdi Hydro-project was taken as a typical example, which demonstrated the standard criterion of SPL indicating cavitation inception. Cavitation inception of an orifice plate used for energy dissipation in a tunnel spillway was witnessed and verified both in model test and prototype observation. A design criterion was proposed for a cavitationfree hydraulic structure which can be served as a reference for designers as well as researchers. Consequently, scale effects were discussed with an aim at suggesting an appropriate factor of safety in design.