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历史上最早研究过海底起伏对全流方向影响的人有厄克曼和斯威尔德鲁普。厄克曼曾获得了均匀海底起伏与在深海流场内的旋度之间关系的成果。斯威尔德鲁普在定性上作了改进。此后,又有些学者不但定性地而且定量地改进和完善了厄克曼的成果。根据世界各国海洋普查资料表明,海底起伏普遍地存在于海洋之中。同样这种底部起伏也存在于河口地区,由河口地区上游强大径流挟带的大量泥沙冲积形成的河口地区的沙堆就是底部起伏的例子。一般地说,河口地区都存在由不同程度地冲积而形成的沙堆,这是形成
The earliest people in history to study the influence of sea floor fluctuations on the direction of the whole flow were Eckman and Swindon Rupp. Eckman obtained the result of the relationship between uniform seafloor fluctuations and curl in the deep ocean flow field. Swindon Rupp qualitatively improved. Since then, some scholars have not only qualitatively and quantitatively improved and perfected Urchman’s achievements. According to the ocean census data of various countries in the world, sea floor fluctuations generally exist in the sea. The same bottom ups and downs are also found in the estuarine area, where the sand mound in the mouth of the mouth formed by the massive sediment alluvial sediment entrained by the strong runoff in the upper reaches of the estuary is an example of bottom relief. Generally speaking, there are sand piles in different estuary areas formed by alluvial deposition