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联系和发展的观点,是马克思主义哲学的基本的观点。世界是普遍联系和辩证发展的,而文章又是反映客观事物的,因此其内部结构也是相互联系和辩证发展的。我们在引导学生学习课文的时候,要运用联系和发展的观点,摸索其内在规律,从而跟随作者正确地认识事物。这样来指导学生读书,既可培养学生的语文能力,又可锻炼学生认识事物的能力。 具体该怎样落实在教学中呢?我以教学《瀑布》为例,谈谈个人的一些作法。 一、联系上下文理解课文,培养学生的逻辑思维能力。 文章的每一段,每一句,每一词,是相互联系的,文章的这种联系总是有道理的,是符合一定逻辑的。我们教师就应该引导学生摸索这种内在逻辑,使之“遵其路”(作者思有路,遵路识斯真——叶圣陶),从而发展学生的逻辑思维。例如,《瀑布》里第二节的“啊！望见了瀑布的全身”这一句,要体会出思想感情,就得联系上下文。“啊！”表现出什么样的感情呢?我先引导学生分析第一节,作者在听见瀑布声音的心情怎样,是迫切想着见瀑布的;再引导学生分析前一句,“山路忽然一转”中的“忽然”,学生很自然就体会到:作者迫切想看见瀑布,忽然看见了瀑布的全身,当然很惊了。——
The point of contact and development is the basic point of view of Marxist philosophy. The world is universally connected and dialectically developed, and the articles reflect objective things. Therefore, their internal structures are also interrelated and dialectically developed. When we guide students to learn the text, we must use the perspective of contact and development to explore the inherent laws so as to follow the author's correct understanding of things. In this way to guide students to study, can cultivate students' language ability, but also exercise the ability of students to recognize things. Specific how to implement in teaching it? I teach “waterfall” as an example, talk about some of the individual practices. First, contact the context to understand the text, develop students' logical thinking ability. Each section of the article, every sentence, every word is interrelated, the article of this connection is always justified, is consistent with a certain logic. Our teachers should guide the students to explore such internal logic and make them “follow the way” (the author thinks of ways, obeys St. Louis - Ye Shengtao) to develop students' logical thinking. For example, in the second paragraph of “Waterfall”, “Ah! I saw the whole body of a waterfall.” To understand the feelings and emotions, I have to contact the context. “Ah!” What kind of feelings show? I first guide students to analyze the first section, the author heard the mood of the waterfall sounds like, is eager to see the waterfall; and then guide students to analyze the previous sentence, “a sudden turn of the mountain ”Suddenly", students naturally realize: the author eager to see the waterfall, suddenly saw the whole body of the waterfall, of course, was shocked. -