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压力、温度、化学组分是对物质结构和性质有普遍影响的三个重要变量。近10多年来,由于微型金刚石压砧实验技术的突破,可达到的压力、温度范围大幅度增加,同时超高压技术与激光技术、第三代同步辐射技术相结合,以及多种原位微区精密测试手段的集成应用,使压力在改变物质的结构和性质方面的巨大作用真正表现出来。目前,在实验室里可以从极低温到4000～5000℃的宽广温度范围内,进行百万大气压下物质结构和各种性质的研究。能够产生的最高压力达到了550万大气压。如果再考虑压力的作用,将会大大拓宽物质科学研究的领域。现在已经发现,在百万大气压和常温下,每种物质平均出现5个相变,即可将研究对象的范围扩大5倍。高压将为物理、化学、地球、生命、材料等基础学科的发展提供新的一维空间。
Pressure, temperature, chemical composition are three important variables that have a general effect on the structure and properties of matter. In the recent 10 years, due to the breakthrough of micro-diamond anvil experimental technology, the achievable pressure and temperature range increased greatly. At the same time, the combination of ultra-high pressure technology with laser technology and the third generation of synchrotron radiation technology, The integrated application of sophisticated testing means that the enormous role of stress in changing the structure and properties of matter truly manifests itself. Currently, in the laboratory from the very low temperature to 4000 ~ 5000 ℃ wide temperature range, millions of atmospheric pressure under the material structure and nature of the study. The maximum pressure that can be generated is 5.5 million atmospheres. If we consider the role of stress, it will greatly expand the field of material science research. It has now been found that at a million atmospheres and at room temperature, an average of five phase transitions per substance can increase the subject’s range by a factor of five. High pressure will provide a new one-dimensional space for the development of basic disciplines such as physics, chemistry, earth, life and materials.