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私人拼车行为的合法性问题包括形式合法性和实质合法性。法律未对私人拼车行为的形式合法性做出规定,实践中行政执法机关往往将私人拼车行为视为非法营运行为并加以行政处罚。法律对非法营运行为的构成要件缺乏明确的规定,司法机关和政府规范性文件也并未做出有效力的解释。笔者通过法解释学的方法对法律规定的“经营”二字进行解释后认为,私人拼车行为不符合非法营运行为的构成要件,具有形式合法性,不应受到行政处罚。具有形式合法性的私人拼车行为在可预见的期间内给相关利益主体带来的社会收益大于社会成本,能够给社会带来经济价值,兼具实质合法性。在管制放松的背景下,应当承认私人拼车行为的合法性并对其进行规范、鼓励和提倡。
Legitimacy issues in private carpooling include formal legitimacy and substantive legitimacy. The law does not provide for the legality of the form of private carpooling. In practice, administrative law enforcement agencies often regard private carpooling as an illegal operation and impose administrative penalties. The law lacks explicit provisions on the constitutional requirements of the illegal operation, nor does the judicial authority and government normative documents make an effective explanation. After explaining the law “” “operation ” by the method of legal hermeneutics, the author believes that private carpooling behavior does not accord with the constitutional requirements of illegal operation, which is of form legitimacy and should not be subject to administrative punishment. In the foreseeable period, private carpooling activities with formal legitimacy bring more social benefits to the relevant stakeholders than social costs, which bring economic value and substantive legitimacy to the society. In the context of deregulation, the legitimacy of private carpooling should be recognized and regulated, encouraged and promoted.