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马克思的伟大战友恩格斯在论述19世纪自然科学的重大成就时,指出了19世纪的三个大发现:(1)能量不灭、能量转化规律,(2)细胞学说,(3)达尔文的进化论。按照恩格斯的意见,“由于这三个大发现,自然界的基本过程就得到了说明,就归结到自然的原因了。”这就是说,由于这三个大发现,自然科学就能够有效地摆脱唯心主义和形而上学世界观的束缚,自然研究就得以建立在唯物主义的基础上了。毫无疑问,进化论是生物科学的中心理论,是生物科学对生命自然界最重要、最基本的理论概括。在建立进化论中,达尔文的功绩比任何人都大。在达尔文以前,科学上已经提出过进化观念或进
Engels, Marx’s great comrade in war, remarked on the great achievements of nineteenth-century natural sciences and pointed out three major discoveries in the 19th century: (1) the law of energy immortality, the law of energy transformation, (2) the theory of cells, and (3) Darwin’s theory of evolution. According to Engels, “as a result of these three great discoveries, the basic process of nature is illustrated and the reason for nature is attributed to it.” That is to say, as a result of these three large discoveries, the natural sciences can effectively get out of the idealism The shackles of doctrine and metaphysical worldview, natural research can be based on materialism. There is no doubt that evolutionism is the central theory of biological sciences and is the most important and basic theoretical summary of biological sciences in life and nature. Darwin’s merit is greater than anyone in building evolutionism. Before Darwin, science had proposed evolutionary concepts or advances