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尼采对瓦格纳的戏剧主题曾先后做过两个针锋相对的论断:忠诚和拯救。这也是尼采对瓦格纳的精神特质前后完全不同的两种理解。当尼采认为忠诚是瓦格纳关注的中心问题时,他是把瓦格纳看做酒神颂戏剧家的自我成全,是希腊精神的复兴;当尼采认为拯救是瓦格纳关注的中心问题时,瓦格纳则被视为基督教的代言人。因而在尼采的思想中,忠诚和拯救指示着对立的精神取向,二者的对立是希腊世界与基督教世界的对立,是健康与疾病的对立,也是古典主义与浪漫主义的对立,在某种意义上还是古典与现代的对立。
Nietzsche has done two diametrically opposed arguments on the theme of Wagner’s drama: loyalty and salvation. It is also two completely different understandings of Nietzsche’s Wagner spirit. When Nietzsche considered loyalty as the central issue of Wagner’s concern, Wagner regarded Wagner as a self-fulfillment of the dramatist and a revival of the Greek spirit. When Nietzsche considered salvation as the central issue of Wagner’s concern, Wagner was regarded as Christian spokesman. Therefore, in Nietzsche’s thought, loyalty and salvation indicate the opposite spiritual orientation. The opposition between the two is the opposition between the Greek and Christian worlds, the confrontation between health and disease, and the antithesis between classicism and romanticism. In a certain sense On the opposite of the classical and the modern.