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目的探讨上海市居民对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染认知、社会偏见和歧视行为及其影响因素。方法对2014年上海市8个区县分层随机抽取4 760名社区居民进行问卷调查,采用多因素非条件logistic回归对可能导致社会偏见和歧视行为的影响因素进行分析。结果调查对象的文化程度以高中(含专科)学历为主,平均年龄为(45.87±22.30)岁,获得肝炎防治知识的主要来源为电视广播和宣传资料。调查对象对“愿意接种乙肝疫苗”和“病毒性肝炎具有传染性”等问题的阳性回答率接近80%(3 808/4 760);对“病毒性肝炎传播途径”的阳性回答率仅为15.08%(718/4 760);对HBV感染持有社会偏见的占19.43%(925/4 760);存在歧视行为的占35.63%(1 697/4 760)。多因素分析显示,年龄<60岁、熟悉肝炎防治知识、愿意接种乙肝疫苗,愿意通过网络、报刊和宣传资料等途径获得肝炎防治知识等为消除社会偏见和歧视行为的共同保护因素。结论居民对HBV感染者形成偏见和歧视源于其对肝炎防治知识的缺乏,需及时调整现阶段乙肝健康教育的内容和方式。
Objective To explore the cognition, social prejudice and discrimination behaviors of Shanghai residents on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and their influencing factors. Methods A total of 4 760 community residents were randomly selected from 8 districts and counties in Shanghai in 2014 to conduct a questionnaire survey. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of social prejudice and discrimination. Results The educational level of the surveyed subjects was mainly in high school (including college), with an average age of (45.87 ± 22.30) years old. The main sources of hepatitis prevention and control information were television broadcast and publicity materials. The respondents reported a positive response rate of nearly 80% (3 808/4 760) to questions such as “Willing to Inoculate Hepatitis B Vaccine” and “Infectious Viral Hepatitis”; for the “viral hepatitis transmission route” Positive rates were only 15.08% (718/4 760); 19.43% (925/4 760) had social prejudice against HBV infection; and 35.63% (1 697/4 760) had discrimination. Multivariate analysis showed that age 60 years old, familiar with hepatitis prevention and treatment knowledge, willing to vaccinate hepatitis B vaccine, and willing to get knowledge of prevention and treatment of hepatitis through the network, newspapers and publicity materials and other co-protection factors to eliminate social prejudice and discrimination behavior. Conclusion Residents’ prejudice and discrimination to HBV infection originate from their lack of knowledge on prevention and treatment of hepatitis, and the contents and methods of health education of hepatitis B at the present stage need to be adjusted in time.