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目的通过对汕头市病媒生物的监测,了解2008—2012年汕头市蚊、蝇、鼠和蜚蠊的种类和消长情况,为汕头市病媒生物防治及其传播疾病的控制提供依据。方法成蚊密度监测采用诱蚊灯法,蝇密度监测采用笼诱法,鼠密度监测采用夹夜法,蜚蠊密度监测采用粘蟑纸法,均为全年监测。结果 2008—2012年汕头市成蚊密度分别为17.02、6.53、14.45、16.23和27.25只/灯,以致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,占91.89%(8 986/9 779);蝇密度5年分别为20.97、12.20、4.89、4.08和3.43只/笼,以家蝇为优势种群,占71.97%(2 362/3 282);鼠密度5年分别为0.61%、0.18%、0.10%、0.14%和0.11%,以褐家鼠为优势鼠种,占92.00%(69/75);蜚蠊密度5年分别为1.11、0.49、0.26、0.33和0.39只/张,以德国小蠊为优势种群,占79.10%(1 052/1 330)。蚊类活动高峰期在3—6月,其中5月密度最高,为33.44只/灯;蝇类活动高峰期在3—5月,其中4月密度最高,为15.3只/笼;鼠类活动高峰期为4月,密度为0.66%;蜚蠊活动高峰期在5—7月和9月,其中6、7月密度最高,为0.87只/张。结论致倦库蚊、家蝇、褐家鼠、德国小蠊是汕头市主要防制的病媒生物种类,要降低其密度,应根据它们的孳生、栖息习性及其季节消长特点,采取以环境治理为主的综合性防治措施。
Objective To understand the species and growth of mosquitoes, flies, rats and cockroaches in Shantou from 2008 to 2012 through the monitoring of vectors in Shantou City, and to provide basis for the control of vector-borne diseases and their transmission in Shantou. Methods Mosquito lamp method was used to monitor the density of adult mosquitoes. Cage induction method was used to monitor the density of flies, nocturnal method was used to monitor the density of flies, cockroaches density test was used to monitor the density of cockroaches, all of them were monitored throughout the year. Results The adult mosquito density in Shantou was 17.02, 6.53, 14.45, 16.23 and 27.25 / lamp respectively from 2008 to 2012, and the dominant mosquito species were Culex pipiens pallens, accounting for 91.89% (8 986/97 779) Were dominant species, accounting for 71.97% (2 362/3 282) of house flies; 0.61%, 0.18%, 0.10%, 0.14% and 0.11%, and Rattus norvegicus accounted for 92.00% (69/75). Cockroach density was 1.11,0.49,0.26,0.33 and 0.39 / 79.10% (1 052/1 330). The mosquito activity peaked from March to June, of which the highest density in May was 33.44 / lamp; the peak of flies activity was from March to May, in which the highest density in April was 15.3 / cage; the peak of murine activity The period was April with a density of 0.66%. The peak of cockroach activity was in May-July and September, with the highest density in June and July being 0.87 pieces / piece. Conclusion Culex quinquefasciatus, Housefly, Rattus norvegicus and Blattella germanica are the major vectors of vector control in Shantou. To reduce the density, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus should be treated according to their habitats, habitats and seasonal variations. Governance-based comprehensive prevention and control measures.