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目的全面了解煤矿工人的心理素质、身体功能、认知能力等多种人因指标的状况及其特点,为煤矿职业健康管理等方面提供借鉴。方法采用单纯随机抽样的方法,在中国西北地区的多处煤矿选取有效样本1 367人,开展问卷调研和仪器测评,并通过独立样本t检验将各个指标与常模或其他典型研究的样本数据进行比较分析。结果 1在心理素质方面,煤矿工人在症状自评量表(SCL-90)的4个维度:“躯体化”“强迫”“恐怖”以及“精神病性”上的得分均显著高于常模(P<0.01),在工作倦怠方面的“玩世不恭”和“成就感低落”两个维度得分上显著高于常模(P<0.01),在事故倾向性上显著低于常模(P<0.01);2生理功能方面,煤矿工人的肺活量、血氧饱和度严重低于常人(P<0.01),而心率、握力等生理指标与常人无明显差异;3在认知能力方面,煤矿工人的视觉选择反应时、深度知觉、听觉简单反应时、听力阈4项指标明显劣于常人(P<0.01);而速度感觉优于常人(P<0.01);煤矿工人的临界闪光频率、视敏度、触觉两点阈等认知指标与常人无明显差异。结论煤矿工人在多项人因指标上体现出较为明显的劣势,要加强其职业健康管理。
Objective To comprehensively understand the status and characteristics of various human factors such as psychological quality, physical function and cognitive abilities of coal miners and provide references for occupational health management in coal mines. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 1 367 valid samples from a number of coal mines in northwestern China to carry out questionnaire surveys and instrument evaluations. Samples were analyzed using independent samples t-test for each index and norm or other typical study comparative analysis. Results 1 In the aspect of psychological quality, the coal miners in the four dimensions of SCL-90: “somatization ” “forcing ” “terror ” and “mentality ” (P <0.01). The scores of cynicism and low accomplishment in job burnout were significantly higher than those in norm (P <0.01), and in the accident tendency (P <0.01) .2 Physiological function, coal miners’ vital capacity and oxygen saturation were significantly lower than those of ordinary people (P <0.01), but the physiological indexes such as heart rate and grip strength were not significantly different from those of normal people (3) In terms of cognitive ability, coal miners’ response to visual choice, depth perception and auditory simple response were significantly lower than those of ordinary people (P <0.01). The sensation of speed was superior to that of normal people (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between mine workers’ critical flash frequency, visual acuity and tactile threshold. Conclusion Coal miners have shown obvious disadvantages in a number of human factors and should strengthen their occupational health management.