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吗啡的强效镇痛功能及广泛的生理、药理作用是几百年来药学、药理学研究的重要对象，但其作用机理未能得到阐明。70年代初发现脑内存在阿片受体以来，随之在脑内找到内源性阿片肽──甲硫氨酸脑啡肽和亮氨酸脑啡肽；接着又发现了β内啡肽、强啡肽等多种内啡肽（endophines），
Morphine potent analgesic function and a wide range of physiological and pharmacological effects of hundreds of years of pharmacy, pharmacology, an important object of study, but its mechanism of action has not been clarified. Since the discovery of opioid receptors in the brain in the early 1970s, endogenous opioid peptides, methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin, have subsequently been found in the brain, followed by the discovery of beta endorphins, Endorphins and other endorphins,