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在社会主义经济中,消费品、住房、原材料和设备等等,到处存在着短缺现象。原因何在?传统的理论常常用社会主义国家是在一个较低起点上开始发展的,生产力发展不可能一下子满足人们日益增长的需要,以及自然灾害、战争、外国包围、计划工作失误等多种因素加以说明。然而,这些理由都无法解释为什么搞了几十年社会主义的国家,短缺现象仍会不断被再生产出来。显然,诸如此类的解释,都不是对社会主义短缺原因所作的科学回答,因而越来越难以令人信服,同时也无助于从根本上解决短缺问题的实践。世界上第一个试图对社会主义短缺现象作出科学说明的是匈牙利著名经济学家亚诺什·科尔内。与传统的理论相反,他不再从社会经济运行机制的
In the socialist economy, there are shortages everywhere in consumer goods, housing, raw materials and equipment. The reason? The traditional theory often starts with a socialist country at a relatively low starting point. It is impossible for the development of productive forces to meet people’s growing needs all at once, as well as various kinds of natural disasters, wars, foreign encirclement and planned mistakes. Factors to be explained. However, none of these reasons explain the reasons why socialism has lasted for decades and the phenomenon of shortages will continue to be reproduced. Obviously, such explanations are not the scientific answers to the causes of the social shortage and are therefore becoming increasingly unmanageable and do not help to solve the problem of the shortage fundamentally. The world’s first attempt to scientifically explain the phenomenon of the socialist shortage is the famous Hungarian economist Jonos Corne. Contrary to the traditional theory, he no longer operates from the social economy