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目的探讨霍乱疫情与外环境的相互关系,为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集龙岗区l994～2008年的霍乱监测和疫情处置资料进行相关分析。结果 1994～2008年,全区共采集标本39004份,检出阳性标本69份,阳性检出率为0.18%。2000年前以小川型霍乱流行为主,2001年后转变为以稻叶型为优势菌型。外环境标本中霍乱的阳性检出率显著高于腹泻病例及食品标本,霍乱疫情发生与周边环境(包括外环境和食品r:=0.745,P<0.01);,特别是水源、媒介等外环境(r=0.750,P<0.01)中霍乱弧菌的检出呈显著性正相关。结论霍乱疫情的发生与外环境监测结果的高度相关性,应加大外环境特别是水源的霍乱监测力度,以便及时采取相应的防控措施。
Objective To explore the relationship between cholera epidemic and external environment and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of cholera surveillance and epidemic situation disposal in Longgang District from l994 to 2008 were collected for correlation analysis. Results From 1994 to 2008, a total of 39004 specimens were collected in the district, of which 69 were positive, the positive rate was 0.18%. It was mainly dominated by Ogawa-type cholera epidemics 2000 years ago, and changed to rice leaf type predominant bacteria after 2001. The detection rate of cholera in external environment specimens was significantly higher than that of diarrhea cases and food samples, cholera outbreaks and the surrounding environment (including external environment and food r = 0.745, P <0.01); especially in water, media and other external environment (r = 0.750, P <0.01) in the detection of Vibrio cholerae was a significant positive correlation. Conclusions The high correlation between the occurrence of cholera epidemic and the monitoring results of external environment should increase the monitoring of cholera in the external environment, especially the water sources, in order to timely take appropriate prevention and control measures.