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汉语和日语中的形容词能不能被否定都与形容词所表语义的主观性相关,主观性越强,越不可及,越不能成为否定对象。状态形容词的语用功能是描写,因此一般不以否定形式出现;性质形容词的语用功能是判断,与状态形容词相对,性质形容词在某个语义域内,因此作为预先假设进行否定的可能性比较大。同时形容词的判断有一定的基准,以基准进行断定一般结果是以肯定形式表述,但在某种肯定结果说话人不认同的情况下,如“暖气不热”等例句中,便可以以此为预先假设进行否定。
Can the denial of Chinese and Japanese adjectives be related to the subjectivity of the semantic meaning of adjectives? The more subjectivity the more subjectivity is, the less it can become a negative object. The pragmatic function of state adjectives is to describe and therefore generally does not appear in the form of negation. The pragmatic function of adjectives of nature is to judge that, compared with state adjectives, adjectives of nature are within a certain semantic domain and therefore the possibility of being negative as a presumptive assumption . At the same time, there is a certain benchmark for judgments of adjectives. Judging from the baselines, the general results are expressed in affirmative form. However, in some cases where the speaker does not agree with certain affirmative result, such as “heating is not hot”, etc., This is a preconceived negative.