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latter的“好友”可不少
adj. 后半的，后者的，末尾的
This latter point is of great importance.后面这点极为重要。
后者的；后者（可当代词用，反义词为former）
Two girls have come here. The former (one) is my sister and the latter (one) is my good friend. 两个女孩进来了。前者是我的姐姐，后者是我的好朋友。
【巧辨】
late, later, latter, lately, latest
lateadj./adv.迟到的，晚来的，最近的；迟（地）；晚（地）
lateradj./adv. （late的比较级；最高级为latest）较迟的，较后的；较迟地，较后地
latteradj.后半的，后者的；后者
latelyadv.近来，最近（常与现在完成时连用）
latestadj.最近的，最新的
You are late today. 你今天迟到了。
The bus arrived five minutes late. 公共汽车误点5分钟。
You are later than me. 你比我更迟。
three days later3天后
Of football and basketball, I prefer the latter (one). 足球和篮球中，我比较喜欢后者。
The disease has spread widely lately. 这种疾病最近传播很广泛。
This is the latest news. 这是最新消息。
command“命令”你来学一学
n. [C]命令；指令 [U]掌握
vt. & vi. 命令；指挥；支配
under one’s command由……指挥
have a good command of很好地掌握
command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that ... (should) do ... 命令……
The army is under the king’s command. 军队由国王直接统帅。
She has a good command of English. 她精通英语。
He commanded us to leave immediately. =He commanded that we (should) leave immediately. 他命令我们立即离开。
【拓展】
名词性从句中要用虚拟语气(should)do的还有很多词，以下口诀帮你有效记忆：
一坚持insist
二命令commandorder
三建议suggestadvisepropose
四要求requirerequestdemandask
recognize教你“认出”它
vt. 辨认出；承认
recognize sb./sth. by/from ... 根据……认出……
recognize sb./sth. as/to be承认……是……
It’s recognized that ...人们公认……
I recognized Lisa by her voice on the phone.我在电话中根据声音辨认出是丽萨。
Lawrence’s novel was eventually recognized as/to be a work of genius. 劳伦斯的小说最后被认为是天才的作品。
It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems. 人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。
【巧辨】
recognize, realize, know
这三个词都有“认识”之意。
recognize原来很熟悉，经过一段时间重新认出来，是中止性动词。
know相互间十分熟悉和了解，是延续性动词。
realize开始认识，意识到（以前没有注意到的事物）。
I have known him for ten years, but I didn’t recognize him just now because he has changed so much. 我认识他10年了。但他变化如此之大，我刚才没认出他来。
He didn’t realize his mistake until his teacher told him. 直到老师告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。
gradually 让你“逐渐”明白
adv. 慢慢地，渐渐地，逐步地
Her health is gradually improving. 她正渐渐恢复健康。
【巧辨】
gradually, constantly, continuously
graduallyto happen or develop slowly over a long period of time多指逐步地、慢慢地发展
constantlyall the time, or very often持续不断地（continuously）；经常地(often)
continuouslyto happen or exist without stopping or any interruptions持续地，不间断地 (多指没有间断地)
We began to know each other gradually. 我们开始渐渐地相互熟悉起来。
She is constantly changing her mind. 她经常改变主意。
The students have been cleaning the classroom continuously for two hours. 学生们已打扫教室两个小时了。
because of & because 一字之差
because of介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词
because 连词，后跟从句
He was absent not because of his illness, but because his father died.他缺席不是因为他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。
It was because of her that he had gone abroad.就是为了她，他才出國的。
【拓展】
英语中还有不少表“因为”的介词短语或连词：
介词短语 because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, as a consequence of, on account of
连词because, as, since, for
[【练习】]
1. ____________(因为她生病了), she didn’t attend school today. (because)
2. The officer commanded that every one passing by ____________ (搜查) that day. (search)
3.____________ (被公认为) one of the most powerful women in the world, Oprah(奥普拉), the queen of American daytime talk TV, is very popular. (recognize)
4. During the flight to the Moon, Chang’e I Satellite____________ (逐渐调整她的方向) so that she can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle. (adjust)
5. Here are Tom and David; ____________(后者)is my brother. (latter)
[【参考答案】]
1. Because she was ill/Because of her being ill
2. (should) be searched
3. Recognized as/to be
4. gradually adjusts her direction
5. the latter (one)
adj. 后半的，后者的，末尾的
This latter point is of great importance.后面这点极为重要。
后者的；后者（可当代词用，反义词为former）
Two girls have come here. The former (one) is my sister and the latter (one) is my good friend. 两个女孩进来了。前者是我的姐姐，后者是我的好朋友。
【巧辨】
late, later, latter, lately, latest
lateadj./adv.迟到的，晚来的，最近的；迟（地）；晚（地）
lateradj./adv. （late的比较级；最高级为latest）较迟的，较后的；较迟地，较后地
latteradj.后半的，后者的；后者
latelyadv.近来，最近（常与现在完成时连用）
latestadj.最近的，最新的
You are late today. 你今天迟到了。
The bus arrived five minutes late. 公共汽车误点5分钟。
You are later than me. 你比我更迟。
three days later3天后
Of football and basketball, I prefer the latter (one). 足球和篮球中，我比较喜欢后者。
The disease has spread widely lately. 这种疾病最近传播很广泛。
This is the latest news. 这是最新消息。
command“命令”你来学一学
n. [C]命令；指令 [U]掌握
vt. & vi. 命令；指挥；支配
under one’s command由……指挥
have a good command of很好地掌握
command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that ... (should) do ... 命令……
The army is under the king’s command. 军队由国王直接统帅。
She has a good command of English. 她精通英语。
He commanded us to leave immediately. =He commanded that we (should) leave immediately. 他命令我们立即离开。
【拓展】
名词性从句中要用虚拟语气(should)do的还有很多词，以下口诀帮你有效记忆：
一坚持insist
二命令commandorder
三建议suggestadvisepropose
四要求requirerequestdemandask
recognize教你“认出”它
vt. 辨认出；承认
recognize sb./sth. by/from ... 根据……认出……
recognize sb./sth. as/to be承认……是……
It’s recognized that ...人们公认……
I recognized Lisa by her voice on the phone.我在电话中根据声音辨认出是丽萨。
Lawrence’s novel was eventually recognized as/to be a work of genius. 劳伦斯的小说最后被认为是天才的作品。
It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems. 人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。
【巧辨】
recognize, realize, know
这三个词都有“认识”之意。
recognize原来很熟悉，经过一段时间重新认出来，是中止性动词。
know相互间十分熟悉和了解，是延续性动词。
realize开始认识，意识到（以前没有注意到的事物）。
I have known him for ten years, but I didn’t recognize him just now because he has changed so much. 我认识他10年了。但他变化如此之大，我刚才没认出他来。
He didn’t realize his mistake until his teacher told him. 直到老师告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。
gradually 让你“逐渐”明白
adv. 慢慢地，渐渐地，逐步地
Her health is gradually improving. 她正渐渐恢复健康。
【巧辨】
gradually, constantly, continuously
graduallyto happen or develop slowly over a long period of time多指逐步地、慢慢地发展
constantlyall the time, or very often持续不断地（continuously）；经常地(often)
continuouslyto happen or exist without stopping or any interruptions持续地，不间断地 (多指没有间断地)
We began to know each other gradually. 我们开始渐渐地相互熟悉起来。
She is constantly changing her mind. 她经常改变主意。
The students have been cleaning the classroom continuously for two hours. 学生们已打扫教室两个小时了。
because of & because 一字之差
because of介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词
because 连词，后跟从句
He was absent not because of his illness, but because his father died.他缺席不是因为他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。
It was because of her that he had gone abroad.就是为了她，他才出國的。
【拓展】
英语中还有不少表“因为”的介词短语或连词：
介词短语 because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, as a consequence of, on account of
连词because, as, since, for
[【练习】]
1. ____________(因为她生病了), she didn’t attend school today. (because)
2. The officer commanded that every one passing by ____________ (搜查) that day. (search)
3.____________ (被公认为) one of the most powerful women in the world, Oprah(奥普拉), the queen of American daytime talk TV, is very popular. (recognize)
4. During the flight to the Moon, Chang’e I Satellite____________ (逐渐调整她的方向) so that she can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle. (adjust)
5. Here are Tom and David; ____________(后者)is my brother. (latter)
[【参考答案】]
1. Because she was ill/Because of her being ill
2. (should) be searched
3. Recognized as/to be
4. gradually adjusts her direction
5. the latter (one)