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目的了解遵化市手足口病的流行特征,为预防控制手足口病提供科学依据。方法收集2008—2011年遵化市手足口病发病资料及同期气象资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果遵化市2008—2011年报告手足口病病例2 961例,年均报告发病率为102.81/10万,其中重症病例52例,无死亡病例。5—7月是手足口病的高发季节(2 054例,占69.37%)。0～3岁年龄组报告发病2 322例,占发病总数的78.42%。男性1 815例,女性1 146例,男女性别比为1.6∶1。职业分布以散居儿童最多,为2 560例,占发病总数的86.46%。检测病例粪便或咽拭子样本173份,检出肠道病毒阳性104份,阳性率为60.12%;其中肠道病毒71型(EV71)阳性41例,占39.42%;A组柯萨奇病毒16型(CoxA16)阳性17例,占16.35%。手足口病发病与温度和湿度呈相关关系(R2=0.877 6、0.886 2)。结论遵化市手足口病发病高危人群是3岁及以下散居儿童,5—7月是高发季节,应针对该季节、该人群采取综合有效的干预措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Zunhua and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The incidence data of hand-foot-mouth disease and the meteorological data of the same period in 2008-2011 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 2 961 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Zunhua City in 2008-2011, with an average annual incidence rate of 102.81 / 100,000, of which 52 were severe cases without any deaths. May-July HFMD season (2 054 cases, accounting for 69.37%). In the 0 ~ 3 age group, 2 322 cases were reported, accounting for 78.42% of the total. There were 1 815 males and 1 146 females, with a sex ratio of 1.6: 1. Occupational distribution to the largest number of scattered children, to 2 560 cases, accounting for 86.46% of the total number of cases. A total of 173 samples of feces or throat swabs were detected, and 104 were positive for enterovirus, the positive rate was 60.12%. Among them, 41 cases were positive for enterovirus 71 (EV71), accounting for 39.42% (CoxA16) positive in 17 cases, accounting for 16.35%. Hand-foot-mouth disease incidence and temperature and humidity were correlated (R2 = 0.877 6,0.886 2). Conclusion The population of HFMD in Zunhua is scattered children aged 3 years and under. The incidence rate of HFMD in May-July is high season, and comprehensive and effective intervention should be taken for this season.