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目的了解广东省经济欠发达地区农村中小学生营养状况及影响因素,为制定营养健康教育干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法从韶关南雄市、茂名化州市和肇庆怀集县农村分别抽取中小学校各2所,共调查6所中学和6所小学。通过体检测量身高、体重和腰围,计算身体质量指数(BMI),根据BMI判断中小学生的营养状况。通过问卷调查获取中小学生营养知识和饮食行为习惯情况。采用单因素logistic回归和多因素logistic回归方法分析中小学生营养不良的影响因素。结果本次共调查中小学生1 853人,男生941人,女生912人。初中生932人,小学生921人。中小学生营养不良、超重和肥胖发生率分别为26.3%(487/1 853)、3.2%(59/1 853)和0.9%(17/1 853)。女生营养不良比例(28.1%)高于男生(24.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,营养知识知晓率≥60%(OR=0.950)为中小学生营养不良发生的保护性因素,小学生(OR=1.451)、家庭小孩数量3个及以上(OR=1.326)、留守儿童(OR=1.321)、经常不吃早餐(OR=1.405)为中小学生营养不良发生的危险因素。结论广东省经济欠发达地区农村中小学生营养不良率高,营养不良与家庭环境、营养认知和饮食习惯相关,应开展针对性的健康教育和行为干预,以改善中小学生营养状况。
Objective To understand the nutritional status and influencing factors of primary and secondary school students in economically underdeveloped areas of Guangdong Province and provide the basis for formulating nutritional health education interventions. Methods A total of 2 primary and secondary schools were selected from each of Nanxiong City, Maoming Huazhou City and Zhaoqing Huaiji County by using a multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 6 middle schools and 6 primary schools were investigated. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by physical examination of height, weight and waist circumference, and the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students was judged according to BMI. Through questionnaires to obtain nutrition knowledge and diet behavior habits of primary and middle school students. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of primary and secondary school students’ malnutrition. Results A total of 1 853 primary and secondary school students were surveyed, 941 boys and 912 girls. 932 junior high school students, 921 primary school students. The incidence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students was 26.3% (487/1 853), 3.2% (59/1 853) and 0.9% (17/1 853), respectively. The malnutrition rate of girls (28.1%) was higher than that of boys (24.5%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that awareness rate of nutritional knowledge≥60% (OR = 0.950) was a protective factor for malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. There were three primary school children (OR = 1.451) and three (OR = 1.326) , Left-behind children (OR = 1.321), and frequent breakfast breaks (OR = 1.405) were the risk factors of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition among primary and middle school students in underdeveloped areas of Guangdong Province is high. Malnutrition is related to family environment, nutritional cognition and eating habits. Relevant health education and behavior intervention should be carried out to improve the nutritional status of primary and middle school students.