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主动和被动是动词的重要语法范畴之一。苏联科学院80年语法指出,所谓主动式是指句子的动词性述谓特征来源于特征的所有者,所谓被动式是指句子的动词性述谓特征指向特征的所有者。王力先生指出:
Active and passive is one of the important grammatical categories of verbs. The 80-year grammar of the Soviet Academy of Sciences pointed out that the so-called active refers to the verb of the sentence features from the owner of the feature, the so-called passive refers to the verb of the sentence. Mr. Wang Li pointed out: