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调查研究方法作为社会学研究最常见的方法之一,中国学界在实际使用中已开始针对具体方法和技术问题进行反思,找到了一些相应的策略,积累了一些经验。不过在方法论的反思上仍相对薄弱,甚至误将对调查研究的方法论反思等同于对实证主义的批判。从方法论与本体论和认识论之间的关联与张力来看,方法论反思不宜脱离实际进行纯粹形而上的争辩,要结合具体研究实践的需要,采取实用主义态度,超越西方既往各种“主义”的藩篱,汲取有益的认识论和本体论养分。如何朝向事实本身的方法论追问,需要我们在研究过程中保持高度的方法论自觉,采取实践取向,因为它本身就是一项实践议题。
As one of the most common methods of sociological research, the research methods in China have begun to reflect on specific methods and technical problems in actual use, found some corresponding strategies and accumulated some experiences. However, the methodological reflections are still relatively weak, and even mistakenly refuting the methodology of investigation and research is equivalent to the criticism of positivism. From the perspective of the connection and tension between methodology and ontology and epistemology, the methodological reflections should not be purely metaphysical debates from the reality. In order to meet the needs of specific research and practice, we should adopt a pragmatic attitude and surpass the past “Western” The fence, learn useful epistemology and ontology nutrients. How to approach the factual methodology of the question requires that we maintain a high degree of methodology in the research process and take a practical approach because it is itself a matter of practice.