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随着耳显微手术的发展,近年来对中耳解剖结构畸形的诊断和治疗水平也在逐步提高。深入研究中耳解剖的各类异常情况对提高先天性传导性聋的手术效果具有重要意义。在胚胎发育期,中耳由第一咽囊末端及其周围的间质组织(第1、2鳃弓的一部分)形成。外耳的始基为1、2鳃弓,因此先天性中耳畸形可单独出现也可与外耳畸形或其他系统的畸形同时出现。内耳来源于完全不同的始基,很少受中耳畸形的影响,因此中耳畸形的大部分病例耳蜗功能正常,多数可作听力重建。据Ko(?)等统计听器官先天畸形约占全身各类畸形的1～6%,每一万名居民中有1～2名先天性耳畸形。男女发病率相同,单耳受累者4倍于双耳,左、右
With the development of ear microsurgery, in recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of middle ear anatomy structure deformity is also gradually increased. It is of great significance to study various types of anomalies of middle ear anatomy to improve the surgical effect of congenital deafness. During embryonic development, the middle ear is formed by the end of the first pharyngeal capsule and its surrounding mesenchyme (part of the first and second gill arch). The starting base of the outer ear is 1, 2 branchial arch, so congenital middle ear deformity can occur alone or with the outer ear deformity or other systems of deformity at the same time. The inner ear originates from a completely different primordial base and is less affected by the deformities of the middle ear. In most cases of the middle ear deformity, the cochlear function is normal and most can be used for hearing reconstruction. According to Ko (?) And other statistics, organ deformities account for about 1 ~ 6% of all kinds of deformities in the body, and 1 to 2 congenital ear deformities among 10,000 inhabitants. The same incidence of men and women, mononeurotic affected 4 times in both ears, left and right