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当一个经济体的经济社会发展到一定阶段后,其经济结构、社会结构和政治结构都将发生转折性变化,这就是结构转型。比如韩国在20世纪80年代从中等收入阶段向高收入阶段跨越时,在经济结构上,投资率下降,消费率上升,产业发展从以工业为主转向以服务业为主,制造业也由重化工业为主向高加工、高附加值、高技术含量转化;在社会结构上,城市化率达到相当高水平,市民化社会形成,中产阶层也成长为社会主流群体,橄榄型社会基本建立;在政治结构上,在中产阶层推动下,威权体制退出国家治理舞台,民主社会形态开始形成。
When the economic and social development of an economy reaches a certain stage, its economic structure, social structure and political structure will all undergo turning changes. This is the structural transformation. For example, when South Korea crossed the middle-income stage to the high-income stage in the 1980s, the investment rate dropped and the consumption rate rose in the economic structure. The industrial development shifted from mainly industrial to service-based industries, In the social structure, the urbanization rate reached a very high level, the formation of civil society, the middle class has also grown into a mainstream group of society, the basic establishment of an olive-based society; On the political structure, with the promotion of the middle class, the authoritarian system has been withdrawn from the state administration stage and the form of a democratic society has begun to take shape.