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研究了几种不同耕作方式(免耕、旋耕和翻耕)和覆盖措施(覆草、生草和覆膜)对黄土高原果园土壤水分和温度的影响.结果表明:5月不同耕作方式下0~1 m土层土壤水分差异极显著,表现为免耕(14.28%)>旋耕(14.13%)>翻耕(13.57%),9月差异不明显;不同覆盖措施中,覆草处理的土壤水分最高,且与生草、覆膜、裸地处理间差异极显著;不同耕作方式和覆盖组合处理中以免耕覆草保水效果最好.不同覆盖处理白天土壤平均温度表现为覆膜>裸地>生草>覆草,土壤温度变幅表现为裸地>覆膜>生草>覆草.各覆盖处理的蓄水量与其土壤温度并不都呈负相关,而是由不同覆盖物的保水效果和保温性质共同决定.综上所述,黄土高原果园的保护性耕作体系应以免耕覆草为主.
The effects of several tillage practices (no-tillage, rotary tillage and tillage) and mulching (mulching, raw grass and plastic film mulching) on soil moisture and temperature in orchards of the Loess Plateau were studied.The results showed that under different tillage styles in May Soil moisture in 0-1 m soil layer was significantly different, with no significant difference (14.28%), rotary furrow (14.13%), tillage (13.57%), and no significant difference in September. In different coverage measures, The highest soil moisture, and the difference with the grass, mulching, bare land treatment significantly different; tillage with different tillage and cover combination to protect the best water-holding effect of grass. Different cover the daytime the average temperature of the soil showed the film> Bare soil> raw grass> covered grass, soil temperature fluctuation showed bare land> overlay> grass> covered grass.The water storage capacity of each covered soil was not negatively correlated with soil temperature, but by different coverings Of the water retention effect and insulation properties are jointly determined.In summary, the protective tillage system in the orchard of the Loess Plateau should be dominated by no-tillage mulching.