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目的探讨综合性医院的医院感染情况和病原菌分布,为预防与控制医院感染提供科学的理论依据。方法采用前瞻性和回顾性相结合的调查方法 ,对某院2006-2008年住院的49 251例患者进行医院感染调查分析。结果发生医院感染1080例,感染率为2.19%,感染例次1224例,感染例次率2.49%;感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占43.55%,其次是泌尿道和上呼吸道,分别占25.16%和17.16%;医院感染患者原发病以循环系统疾病发病率最高,占27.45%;医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占54.24%。结论加强医护人员培训、严格执行无菌技术、做好消毒隔离、减少侵入性操作、合理使用抗菌药物,是防止医院感染发生的有效措施。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections and the distribution of pathogens in general hospitals and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods A prospective and retrospective survey method was used to analyze the hospital infection of 49 251 hospitalized in a hospital from 2006 to 2008. Results There were 1080 cases of nosocomial infection with infection rate of 2.19%, infection rate of 1224 cases and infection rate of 2.49%. The main respiratory tract was 43.55%, followed by urinary tract and upper respiratory tract, accounting for 25.16% and 17.16%. The prevalence of recurrent systemic diseases in patients with nosocomial infections was the highest, accounting for 27.45%. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens in hospital, accounting for 54.24%. Conclusion It is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections by strengthening the training of medical personnel, strictly implementing the aseptic technique, doing the disinfection and isolation, reducing the invasive operation and using the antibacterials reasonably.