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目的了解汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持状况,为灾后长期的社会支持系统维护提供依据。方法采用肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表(SSRS)调查四川省汉源县地震灾区500位居民。结果汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持总体水平仍高于全国一般水平(P<0.001);男性的支持利用度情况显著差于女性(t=-3.634,P<0.001);未成年人的主观支持水平显著低于成年人(t=-2.317,P<0.05);少数民族的客观支持状况优于汉族(t=-2.074,P<0.05);总体上学历越高社会支持状况越好,大学本科学历者的社会支持状况普遍好于其他低学历者(P<0.05);公务员或事业单位人员的社会支持水平显著高于其他职业人群,有着明显优势(P<0.05);已婚者的总社会支持、客观支持和主观支持水平都要超过未婚者(t=2.559,3.075,3.070;P<0.05),而在支持利用度方面未婚者则要好于已婚者(t=2.622,P<0.05);地震中不同受损程度的人在社会支持总体及各维度上没有显著差异。结论相对于女性、成年人、高学历者、已婚者和公务员事业单位人员等,地震灾区的男性、未成年人、低学历者、未婚者和知识分子等人群的社会支持状况较差。在地震灾害的远期救助中应特别关注这些群体的社会支持情况。
Objective To understand the status of social support for residents in disaster-stricken areas after Wenchuan Earthquake five years ago, and to provide a basis for maintaining the long-term social support system after the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods A social support rating scale (SSRS) was used to investigate 500 residents in the earthquake-stricken area in Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province. Results The overall level of social support for residents in disaster-stricken areas after the Wenchuan earthquake was still above the national average (P <0.001). The degree of male support was significantly lower than that of women (t = -3.634, P <0.001) The level of support was significantly lower than that of adults (t = -2.317, P <0.05). The objective support status of ethnic minorities was better than Han nationality (t = -2.074, P <0.05) The social support status of those with undergraduate education is generally better than that of other people with low education level (P <0.05); the social support level of civil servant or public institution staff is significantly higher than that of other occupational groups (P <0.05); The levels of social support, objective support and subjective support were higher than unmarried (t = 2.559, 3.075, 3.070; P <0.05), while unmarried persons were better than married persons in support of utilization (t = 2.622, P <0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the overall and the dimensions of social support among people with different degrees of damage in the earthquake. Conclusions Compared with women, adults, highly educated, married and civil servants, the social support of the earthquake-stricken population such as men, minors, people with low education, unmarried people and intellectuals is poor. In the long-term rescue of the earthquake disaster, special attention should be paid to the social support of these groups.