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目的探讨山区公路边儿童铅蓄积状况与相关因素,为制定儿童铅中毒防治策略提供科学依据。方法于2006年12月—2007年4月,随机整群抽取山区公路边8～12岁儿童118名(暴露组)和远离公路的同年龄段儿童51名(对照组)为研究对象。监测山区公路边(污染区)和远离公路(对照区)的土壤和农作物的含铅量;按拟定的调查表调查儿童的基本情况;采集儿童指端末梢血,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅,比较两组儿童血铅水平;分析铅中毒对儿童智力、体格发育的影响;并对影响儿童血铅水平的相关因素进行调查分析。结果污染区土壤和农作物的平均含铅量[(96.89±15.05)mg/kg,(0.86±0.29)mg/kg]显著高于对照区[(29.83±1.41)mg/kg,(0.17±0.03)mg/kg;土壤:P<0.01;农作物:P<0.01];暴露组血铅水平[(85.38±27.76)μg/L]显著高于对照组[(68.28±18.02)μg/L,t=4.0427,P<0.01];暴露组中铅中毒儿童的语文成绩平均分和语文、数学成绩高分率显著低于非中毒儿童(P<0.05);暴露组中铅中毒儿童的IQ值比非中毒儿童平均低0.66,身高、体重上等率分别低4.45%,10.60%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性、大年龄、居住地(或就读学校)与公路距离近是山区公路边儿童发生铅中毒的主要影响因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论车辆尾气铅污染是引起山区公路边儿童铅中毒的主要原因;铅中毒对儿童学习成绩产生负性影响,且对儿童智商和体格发育有一定影响;铅中毒与性别、年龄、居住地(或就读学校)与公路距离等因素有关。
Objective To explore the status of lead accumulation in mountainous areas and related factors, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of children lead poisoning. Methods From December 2006 to April 2007, 118 children aged 8 ~ 12 years old (exposed group) and 51 children of the same age group away from the highway (control group) were randomly selected for cluster study. Monitoring the lead content of soils and crops on the side of mountain roads (polluted areas) and away from the road (control area); Investigating the basic situation of children according to the prepared questionnaire; Collecting the finger tip blood of children and determining by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry Blood lead levels were compared between the two groups of children’s blood lead levels; analysis of lead poisoning on children’s intelligence, physical development; and influencing factors related to blood lead levels in children were investigated. Results The average lead content of soils and crops in the contaminated area [(96.89 ± 15.05) mg / kg and (0.86 ± 0.29) mg / kg] was significantly higher than that in the control area [(29.83 ± 1.41) mg / kg and (85.38 ± 27.76 μg / L) in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (68.28 ± 18.02 μg / L, t = 4.0427 mg / kg; soil: P <0.01; , P <0.01]. The scores of language score and language and math scores of children exposed to lead poisoning were significantly lower than those of non-poisoned children (P <0.05). The IQ of children exposed to lead poisoning was significantly higher than that of non-poisoned children The average height was 0.66, and the height and weight were 4.45% and 10.60% lower respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The male, older age, residence (or schooling) Lead in children lead poisoning the main factors (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion Lead pollution from vehicle exhaust is the main cause of lead poisoning in children living along mountainous roads. Lead poisoning has a negative impact on children’s academic performance and has an impact on children’s IQ and physical development. Lead poisoning is associated with gender, age, place of residence (or School) and distance and other factors.