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下地幔从660 km到2 891 km深度,占据整个地球质量的49.2%并处于极端高温高压的状态。在下地幔相应的温度压力条件下研究主要构成矿物的物理性质,尤其是结构、密度和波速,是理解下地幔结构、物质组成以及动力学过程的关键。通过回顾过去30年高温高压矿物学实验对下地幔矿物,包括布里基曼石、铁方镁石、Ca-钙钛矿以及硅酸盐—后钙钛矿结构和热力学状态方程的重要研究进展,探讨温压条件变化、成分变化以及Fe自旋变化对这些下地幔矿物(相)密度和体波波速的影响,指出现有研究结果的不足和需要解决的问题,并对未来的研究方向提出展望。
The depth of the lower mantle ranges from 660 km to 2,891 km, accounting for 49.2% of the entire Earth’s mass and in extreme high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The study of the physical properties of the major constituent minerals, especially structure, density and wave velocity, under the corresponding temperature and pressure conditions of the lower mantle is the key to understanding the structure, material composition and dynamics of the lower mantle. By reviewing the recent 30 years of high temperature and high pressure mineralogy experiments, the important research progress on the structural and thermodynamic equations of the lower mantle minerals including Brighrmannite, ferrocenium, Ca-perovskite and silicate-post-perovskite , Discussing the effects of temperature and pressure conditions, compositional changes and Fe spin changes on the mineral (phase) density and body-wave velocity in these lower mantle, points out the shortcomings of the existing research results and the problems to be solved, and puts forward the future research directions Outlook.