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1917年,苏联十月革命开辟了人类历史的新纪元。伴随着新的历史时期的出现,苏联文学也揭开了自己历史的篇章。苏联文学的历史是一部十分复杂的历史,其间各个不同的时期,尤其是苏联社会发生深刻变革的时期,文学的发展总是伴随着激烈的文艺理论方面的争论,其中既有突破和成就,也有迷误和挫折。尽管这些此伏彼起的文学论争表现形式不一,然而,都从文艺创作理论和美学原则所涉及的各个方面极大地影响着不同时期的苏联文学创作。本刊这里译介的《苏联的文学争论(苏维埃俄罗斯文学)》一文,是苏联文艺理论家为1978年增补的《简明文学百科全书》第九卷写的一个大型词条。文章资料翔实,大致勾勒出自十月革命起至七十年代末期六十年间苏联历次重大的文艺争论的轮廓。无疑,它将对我国广大读者和文艺理论界了解和认识苏联文艺的发展有所裨益。
In 1917, the Soviet October Revolution opened up a new era in human history. With the emergence of a new historical period, the Soviet literature has also opened its own chapter in history. The history of the Soviet literature is a very complicated one. During different periods of time, especially during the profound transformation of the Soviet society, the development of literature is always accompanied by the fierce controversy over literary theory. Among them, there are breakthroughs and achievements, There are also mistakes and setbacks. Although these different forms of literary controversy have different manifestations, however, they have greatly influenced the literary creation of the Soviet Union in different periods from all aspects involved in literary and art creation theory and aesthetic principles. The article “The Soviet Union’s Literary Argument (Soviet Russian Literature)” translated here refers to a large entry written by the Soviet literary theorist for Volume IX of the “Brief Literary Encyclopedia” added in 1978. The article details the outline of the major controversies over literature and art in the Soviet Union from the October Revolution to the sixties of the late 1970s. Undoubtedly, it will benefit our readers and literary theorists in understanding and understanding the development of the Soviet literature and art.