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必要的或者有意识地进行后吹,是过去和现代的转炉炼钢操作中的一个正常的组成部分。例如,一百多年来西欧的以高磷铁为原料的托马斯钢厂(空气底吹转炉),都是在碳吹到很低以后靠后吹来脱磷的。一些现代的氧气转炉(特别在西欧),为了稳定吹炼操作,充分发挥转炉的高速生产能力,虽然原料含磷不高,也把碳吹到很低,然后在出钢时按钢种要求进行必要的增碳。本文作者所谈的后吹,指的是由于某种原因,转炉吹炼后期钢水含碳已低而温度不足,被迫进行的一次或多次后吹。它使渣中氧化铁升得很高,钢水中氧也很高,造成恶化钢质、降低炉龄、增大原材料消耗等恶果。为了防止这些恶果,作者提出向炉内加适量焦碳的办法。我们认为作为补救措施,这个建议是合理的,值得进行系统的实际试验。掌握了这样一个方法,将为当前国内广大转炉操作者提供一个防止过度后吹危害的有用手段。需要通过试验确定的是对焦炭的要求(如成分、块度等),在具体生产条件下焦炭加入量和加入方法对温度的具体影响,加焦炭对终点磷的控制有怎样的作用(目前许多钢厂有脱磷的问题),等等。当然,各转炉厂都应该采取一切措施,尽可能使转炉的操作稳定,如控制原料铁和造渣材料的质量,尽可能避免事故,采用稳定的正确的吹炼制度等等,以便从根本上使需要后吹的炉数减到最少,这对于转炉的高产优质低耗是非常重要的。文中的热力学关系可以参考。因为所列的△Z都是反应物和反应产物,均为标准状态时的数值,并不代表转炉内的真实情况,所以据此作出的某些结论并不准确,但用来定性地说明作者的论点,是有帮助的。我们欢迎各有关单位讨论作者提出的建议,欢迎提供试验和生产实践的结果,交流经验。
Necessary or conscious after-blowing is a normal part of past and modern converter steelmaking operations. For example, the more than 100 years of high-phosphorus iron-fueled Thomas Steel (air-blow converter) furnaces in Western Europe were dephosphorized by back-blowing after carbon blowing was low. Some modern oxygen converters (especially in Western Europe), in order to stabilize the blowing operation, give full play to the high-speed converter capacity, although the raw material phosphorus is not high, but also to a very low carbon blowing, and then tapping steel requirements The necessary carbon. After the author talked about after blowing, refers to for some reason, the late converter blowing carbon steel has been low and the temperature is insufficient, was forced to carry out one or more after-blowing. It makes very high iron oxide slag, molten steel is also high oxygen, resulting in deteriorated steel, reduce furnace age, increase the consumption of raw materials and other consequences. In order to prevent these evil consequences, the author put forward a proper amount of coke to the furnace. We think that this proposal is reasonable as a remedial measure and that it is worth carrying out a systematic and practical experiment. Mastered such a method, will present the majority of the current converter operator to provide a useful means to prevent the harm of excessive post-blowing. What needs to be determined through experiments is the requirements on the coke (such as composition, lumpiness, etc.), under specific production conditions, the amount of coke added and the method of adding temperature on the specific impact of plus coke on the endpoint phosphorus control what role Steel dephosphorization problems), and so on. Of course, all converter plants should take all measures to stabilize the operation of the converter as much as possible, such as controlling the quality of raw iron and slagging materials, avoiding accidents as much as possible, adopting a steady and correct blowing system, and so on, so as to fundamentally The need to post-blowing the furnace to minimize the number of high-yield converter for high-quality low-consumption is very important. The thermodynamic relationship in this paper can be referred to. Because listed △ Z are the reactants and reaction products are standard values, does not represent the real situation in the converter, so some of the conclusions made based on this is not accurate, but used to qualitatively indicate the author The argument is helpful. We welcome all relevant units to discuss the author’s suggestions. We welcome the results of experiments and production practices and exchange of experiences.