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目的探讨实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法在麻疹病毒检测中的相关性。方法对疑似麻疹患者的咽拭子采用Real-time PCR进行病毒核酸检测,同时对发病不同时期的血标本采用ELISA法进行特异性IgM抗体检测。结果为历年送至本中心进行诊断的106例疑似麻疹患者的同一人标本:咽拭子标本106份,发病4d内和发病8~10d血标本各106份,Real-time PCR检测咽拭子标本阳性85例(阳性率为80.2%),患者发病4d内IgM抗体检测阳性64例(阳性率为60.4%)、8~10dIgM抗体检测阳性85例(阳性率为80.2%)。结论 Real-time PCR法在麻疹的早期诊断中准确性和及时性均优于ELISA法更适用于麻疹的早期诊断,但ELISA法因其简便、低成本更适用于基层,对于临床疑似麻疹患者,早期ELISA法诊断阴性的,应及时送检到有条件的检测机构进行PCR法检测,严防麻疹病毒的医源性传播。
Objective To explore the correlation between Real-time PCR and ELISA in the detection of measles virus. Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect the viral nucleic acid in throat swabs of suspected measles patients. At the same time, specific IgM antibodies were detected by ELISA in blood samples of different stages. The results were sent to the Center for diagnosis of 106 cases of suspected measles patients with the same sample: 106 throat swab specimens, within 4d onset and onset of 8 ~ 10d blood samples of 106, Real-time PCR detection of throat swab specimens The positive rate of IgM antibody was 64.4% (positive rate was 60.4%) in 4 days and 85% (positive rate was 80.2%) in 8 ~ 10dIgM antibody test. Conclusion The accuracy and timeliness of Real-time PCR in the early diagnosis of measles are better than the ELISA method for the early diagnosis of measles, but the ELISA method is more suitable for the grassroots because of its simplicity and low cost. For patients with suspected measles, Early diagnosis of negative ELISA, it should be promptly sent to the conditional testing institutions for PCR detection, prevent the iatrogenic iatrogenic transmission.