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目的探讨电解铝车间空气中氟化物在各作业点的分布及作业工人个体接触水平,提出预防措施及作业工人现场操作时应注意的事项。方法依据GBZ 159-2004《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》、GBZ/T 160.36-2004《工作场所空气有毒物质的测定氟化物》,对电解铝车间进行定点采样,并对作业人员进行个体采样。结果电解车间主要工作岗位氟化物浓度的超限倍数虽然符合最大超限倍数的要求,但换阳极和抬包清理岗位氟化物浓度较高,其中换阳极岗位为3.00 mg/m3,抬包清理岗位为3.66 mg/m3;主要工种电解槽维修工接触氟化物浓度超标(2.70 mg/m3),其余工种均符合接触限值的要求。结论氟化物是电解铝厂的主要职业病危害因素,在其主要工作场所电解车间及相关工序换阳极、电解槽维修、抬包清理氟化物浓度过高,可对作业工人的身体健康造成职业危害,应加强职业健康监护。
Objective To investigate the distribution of fluoride in the air of electrolytic aluminum workshop and the level of individual workers exposure, propose precautionary measures and matters needing attention in the field operation of workers. Methods Based on GBZ 159-2004 “Sampling Specifications for Monitoring of Hazardous Substances in Workplace Air” and GBZ / T 160.36-2004 “Determination of Fluoride in Workplace Air Toxics”, fixed-point sampling of electrolytic aluminum workshop was carried out, Individual sampling. Results The over-limit multiple of fluoride concentration in the main job of the electrolysis workshop met the requirements of the maximum over limit, but the concentration of fluoride in the anodes and lifts was higher, with 3.00 mg / m3 for anode, 3.66 mg / m3. The main types of cell maintenance workers exposed to fluoride concentrations exceeding the standard (2.70 mg / m3), the remaining types are in line with the requirements of exposure limits. Conclusions Fluoride is the main occupational hazard factor in electrolytic aluminum smelters. In the main workplace, the electrolysis plant and its related processes are replaced by anodes and electrolyzers, and the fluoride concentration in the lifts is too high, which may cause occupational hazards to the health of workers. Occupational health guardianship should be strengthened.