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本文报道了对贵州酒用高粱吸收氮、磷、钾养分规律的研究。干物质在出苗后80天的时期积累最快,日积累量达高峰;对氮、磷、钾的积累在高粱出苗60天,积累量达50％以上。随后氮、磷持续积累到成熟;钾在出苗100天时积累量达最大后不再增加,到成熟期钾素有部分损失。高粱对氮和磷吸收速度基本相同,在出苗后60天达到高峰,此时每天的单株吸收量分别为氮26.7mg和磷8.5mg;钾在出苗后80天达最大速度,单株日吸收钾为32mg。提出贵州酒用高粱施用应以重基肥、早追肥为基本原则来确定合理的施肥时期,以保证高粱养分积累的重要时期和养分吸收速度的峰值期,土壤中有足够的有效养分供高粱吸收、积累。在试验条件下,高粱生产100kg籽粒需要吸收N2.33kg,P_2O_5 0.98kg,K_2O 2.92kg。。N:P_2O_5:K_2O=1:0.42:1.25。可以作为贵州酒用高粱栽培的合理施肥用量的参考。
This article reports on the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in sorghum in Guizhou Province. The accumulation of dry matter reached the peak at 80 days after emergence and reached the peak at daily accumulation. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was over 50% after 60 days of emergence in sorghum. Subsequently, nitrogen and phosphorus continued to accumulate to maturity; potassium did not increase after reaching the maximum at 100 days of emergence, and partial loss of potassium reached maturity. Sorghum had the same absorption rate of nitrogen and phosphorus, reaching the peak at 60 days after emergence, at which time the daily uptake of nitrogen per plant was 26.7 mg nitrogen and 8.5 mg phosphorus respectively. Potassium reached its maximum at 80 days after emergence, Potassium is 32 mg. It is suggested that the application of heavy sorghum should be based on the basic principle of heavy basal fertilizer and early top dressing to ensure the important period of nutrient accumulation and the peak period of nutrient absorption in sorghum. There are enough effective nutrients in sorghum for soil sorption, accumulation. Under the experimental conditions, sorghum production of 100kg seeds need to absorb N2.33kg, P_2O_5 0.98kg, K_2O 2.92kg. . N: P 2 O 5: K 2 O = 1: 0.42: 1.25. It can be used as a reasonable reference to the amount of fertilizers used in cultivation of sorghum in Guizhou.