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通过对黑龙江省五个育种单位所存的历年大豆品种区域试验资料的分析,以十年为一个时段进行比较,看出生产品种的更替过程中,品种的农艺性状有一定的演化趋势。大致是,生育日数略有减少,株高有些降低。特别是与初期的农家品种的繁茂相比,株高总趋势有所降低。主茎节数略有增加,抗倒状性从农家品种到育成品种有明显提高,以后各期变化不大。分枝数较明显减少,单株荚数和单株粒数有所增加。这仅是对历史资料的初步分析,我们正进行一个黑龙江省主要品种的定点多年种植试验,以明确这种性状演化趋势,为大豆育种、栽培和生态的研究提供有参考价值的资料。
Through the analysis of regional trial data of soybean varieties stored in five breeding units in Heilongjiang Province over a period of ten years, it is found that the agronomic traits of the cultivars have a certain evolution trend during the replacement of the production varieties. Roughly, the number of birth days decreased slightly, while the plant height was somewhat reduced. In particular, the overall trend of plant height has been reduced compared to the lushness of early farmland cultivars. The number of main stems slightly increased, anti-down-resistance from farmhouse varieties to bred varieties have significantly improved, little change in subsequent periods. The number of branches decreased obviously, the number of pods per plant and the number of grains per plant increased. This is only a preliminary analysis of historical data. We are conducting a fixed-point multi-year planting experiment on major varieties in Heilongjiang Province to clarify the evolution trend of this trait and provide valuable information for the research on soybean breeding, cultivation and ecology.