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进入二十一世纪以来,中国的港口进入历史上规模最大、时间持续最长的一段高速成长期。我国港口正在经历从传统货运业向现代航运服务业延伸、从港口自身发展到港城深度融合、从相互竞争到区域协作发展的新阶段。在经济发展呈现“新常态”的背景下,现有的港口管理体制机制弊端逐渐凸显。曹妃甸港历经十余年迅猛发展,在货物吞吐量、码头泊位建设、航线建设等方面都获得了丰硕成果,2014年吞吐量最高达到2.95亿吨。近两年,受国内外经济增长放缓、需求下滑、产业结构升级、运输组织方式调整和前期建设力度大等多方面的影响,曹妃甸港口发展出现了码头能力相对过剩,同质化竞争激烈的现象。如何在经济发展“新常态”下创新港口管理模式、提高码头利用率已成为一项紧迫的工作内容。
Since entering the 21st century, China’s ports have entered a period of rapid growth with the longest history in history. China’s ports are experiencing an extension from the traditional freight industry to the modern shipping service industry, from the port’s own development to the in-depth integration of Hong Kong City and from the competition to the new phase of regional cooperation and development. Under the background of economic development showing “a new normal”, the defects of the existing port management system and mechanism have gradually become prominent. After more than ten years of rapid development, Caofeidian Port has achieved fruitful results in terms of cargo throughput, construction of berthing terminals and route construction. In 2014, its throughput reached a maximum of 295 million tons. In the past two years, due to the sluggish economic growth at home and abroad, the slump in demand, the upgrading of industrial structure, the restructuring of transport organization and the intensity of pre-construction efforts, there has been a relative surplus of terminal capacity and fierce homogeneity in the port development in Caofeidian phenomenon. How to innovate the port management mode and improve the wharf utilization rate under the economic development “new normal ” has become an urgent work content.