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根据国内外大量的理论研究,高炉解体和生产取样分析表明,炉料中碱金属氧化物在软熔滴下带到风口氧化带上方的区域里,被炽热的焦炭剧烈还原,大部分碱金属变成碱蒸气随煤气运动,并被软熔带大量吸收,如此循环富集,影响高炉冶炼和炉身寿命(见图1)。碱金属还原热力学公式一般为(以钾为例):K_2SiO_3+C=2K_((气))↑+SiO_2+CO,△F°=149000～79.25T。这表明,碱金属被还原一需要有还原剂,二需要较高的温度,两者缺一不可。在高炉中下部唯一不利于碱金属还原的区域是风口氧化带。正是由于风口氧化带的存在,才使炉内碱金属幸免于无限被还原挥发,循环富集,随炉渣顺利被排出炉外。因此,充分利用这一点,在一定原料条件下,研究熔渣对排碱的影响,提高炉渣排碱能力,是减轻炉内碱金属危害,提高冶炼水平,延长炉身寿命的经济有效措施。
According to a large number of theoretical studies at home and abroad, blast furnace disintegration and production sampling analysis showed that the alkali metal oxides in the charge were rapidly reduced by the hot coke in the area above the oxidized zone brought to the tuyere by the soft droplet, and most of the alkali metal became alkali Vapor with the gas movement, and was a lot of soft melting zone absorption, so enrichment cycle, affecting blast furnace smelting and life of the furnace (see Figure 1). Alkali metal reduction thermodynamic formula is generally (with potassium as an example): K_2SiO_3 + C = 2K _ ((gas)) ↑ + SiO_2 + CO, △ F ° = 149000 ~ 79.25T. This shows that the reduction of alkali metal is required to have a reducing agent, the second requires a higher temperature, both indispensable. In the blast furnace in the lower part of the only area is not conducive to the reduction of alkali metal is tuyere oxidation zone. It is because of the presence of the oxidation zone tuyere, the alkali metal in the furnace is survived to be infinitely reduced and volatilized, enriched in circulation, and discharged out of the furnace smoothly with the slag. Therefore, taking full advantage of this, under certain raw material conditions, studying the impact of slag on the alkali discharge and improving the alkali discharge capacity of slag is a cost-effective measure to reduce the hazard of alkali metals in the furnace, improve the smelting level and prolong the life of the shaft.