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动词非谓语形式指动词在句子中不担任谓语，而担任其它成份时的形式。它们在句子中使用的频率很高，因此在考试中也占了相当的比重，必须重视。
中学英语教材从初中到高中都涉及非谓语动词的用法。但是，到了高三学生仍弄不清非谓语动词用法的区别，在使用时总是出错。为帮助学生提高复习效率，掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔着认真研读了江苏3年自主命题的试卷，试图追寻高考命题的轨迹，捕捉高考命题的规律，以便给同学们提出一些2007年备考复习策略。
一、3年江苏高考试题中非谓语动词考查点剖析
2.非谓语动词的变化形式(时态与语态) （以动词do为例）
3.非谓语动词的其他一些相关必要的基础知识
（1）非谓语动词的否定形式构成是在该非谓语动词形式前加“not”。
I apologize for not informing you of the result earlier. “not informing”为动名词的否定形式。
（2）非谓语动词形式保留了动词的一些特性，最明显的是它们仍可带有自己的宾语和宾补。
He is good at getting others involved in her games.“others” 为宾语， “ involved”为宾补。
（3）非谓语动词形式可以与自己逻辑上的主语构成复合结构。
A.动词不式的逻辑主语用for或of引出，为“for sb/ of sb”形式。 It’s important for them to tell right from wrong. It’s clever of you to make up such jokes.句中 “for them to tell right from wrong” 与 “of you to make up such jokes”为动词不式的复合结构。
B.动名词的逻辑主语为物主代词或名词的所有格（也可用宾格）形式。I like his /him/Tom’s singing English songs.
C.分詞的逻辑主语为名词（代词），在句中构成了独立主格。The work done， they went directly home./ It being fine， they set out on a journey.
（二）归纳比较非谓语动词用法的区别及易错点
1.不定式与动名词在句子中作主语时的特征与差别
动词不定式可直接作主语也可用于形式主语结构，而动名词用于形式主语it结构的词是有限的，要记住。如：It is no good (no use ，useless，senseless...)、There is no knowing...等。
2.不定式与动名词在句子中作宾语时的特征与差别
不定式与动名词在句子中均可作宾语，但两者有区别。不定式只能作动词宾语，而动名词还能做介词宾语。
（1）在“love ，like， hate， begin， start”等动词后，不定式和动名词作宾语均可，意义没有多大差别。
（2）在下列动词和一些带介词的短语动词后必须跟动名词做其宾语。跟动名词作宾语的动词： advise， admit， appreciate， avoid， consider， dislike， delay， enjoy， escape， excuse， fancy， finish， finish， forgive， forbid， imagine， include， keep， mind， mention， miss， practice， permit， risk， resist， stand， suggest， understand等。一些带介词的短语动词：look forward to， devote...to...， get＼be used to， feel like， insist on， object to...等 。
（3）在下列动词后必须跟带“to”的不定式做其宾语， 这些动词是: agree， ask， afford， choose， decide， demand， expect， fail， hope， learn， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， plan， refuse， want (想要)， wish 等。
（4）有些动词后跟不定式与动名词作宾语均可，但意义有差别，如：forget， remember， regret，go on， stop（stop后的不定式是目的状语）， mean等。
（5）want， need， require 和deserve等动词后接动名词的主动形式表被动含义。（worth是形容词也可归入此类复习）
3.不定式与分词作宾补时的特征与差别
（1）注意宾语和宾补之间的逻辑关系是主动还是被动。
They don’t allow energy drinks to be made in Australia but buy them from New Zealand. 宾语“energydrinks ”和宾补“to be made ”之间在逻辑上是被动关系。
（2）以谓语动词为参照注意宾补表现的行为状况是进行还是完成。
When he returned 10 years later， he found his hometown greatly changed. 这里宾补 changed 表示完成。
They had the lights burning throughout the night because they worked round the clock. 这里宾补“burning ”表示进行。
（3）注意现在分词的完成被动形式等不能做宾补，须用过去分词。
如：Mother was very happy to find my work finished ahead of time. 这里画线部分不能用 having been finished
（4）须省略或保留动词不定式符号“to”的特殊情况
A．省略动词不定式符号“to”的情况：
有些动词后面跟不定式作宾补时，宾补前不用“to”。省略动词不定式符号“to”的情况可用一句话概括。即：“注意”下列“一 ”、“二”、“三”、“四”，“有助于”掌握其用法。“注意”notice， “一感觉 （feel） ”“二听（listen to＼hear）”、“三让”（make ＼ let ＼have ）”、“四看”（watch＼see＼look at＼observe）“有助于”(help)。
B． 保留动词不定式符号“to”的情况：
I often hear him sing English songs. 在以上句式中，宾补前省略动词不定式符号“to”， 但此句式用被动语态时，要恢复宾补前的不定式符号“to”。以上句子应改写为：He is often heard to sing English songs.
有时为了避免重复，在句末可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在 expect， hope， wish， mean， prefer， want， try， 以及be glad， be happy， would like ＼ love 等的后面。如：
——Keep an eye on my house while I am away.
——I’ll be happy to.
4.不定式与分词作状语时的特点与区别
（1）不定式与分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。
To complete the work on time， you must find more hands.这里的you是complete逻辑上的主语，此句一般不这样写：To complete the work on time， more hands must be found.
Having finished the work， they felt totally relaxed. 这里的they是finish逻辑上的主语，而且they与finish有逻辑上的主谓关系。
（2）以句子的主语和谓语为参照，决定选用不定式或分词的形式以及主动与被动。
Contrast can make something appear more beautiful than it is when seen alone. 这里以句子的主语为参照，see 应为被动。
（3）不定式作状语时，多作目的、原因与结果状语。
（4）分词作状语时，多表示时间，原因，条件和伴随状态，有时也能表示方式，让步。
5.4种非谓语动词作定语时的特点与区别
（1） 动名词往往表示其后名词的用途或目的。通常情况下放在所修饰的名词的前面，与后面的名词一起构成复合名词。例如：
working method (=method of working) 工作方法（动名词）
（2） 现在分词对名词起修饰作用，表示该名词的动作，表示主动意义或一个正在进行的动作或有特征性的动作，可以放在所修饰名词的前面也可放在所修饰名词的后面。例如:
exciting news（=news which excites people ）让人兴奋的消息
Do you know the girl sitting (= who is sitting) at the desk? 你认识坐在办公室桌旁的那个姑娘吗？
The house standing (= which stands ) at the foot of the hill is a hospital. 位于山脚下的那座房子是医院。
（3） 不定式表示一般性的或一个未发生的或已完成的动作”。例如：
He is the proper person to translate (= who can translate) the book. 他是翻译这本书的适当人选。
The first people to settle (= who settled) there were from Europe . 首批在那里定居的是欧洲人。
（4） 过去分词表示被动的或已经完成的动作。可以放在所修饰名词的前面也可放在所修饰名词的后面。例如：
The person injured in the head will be sent to hospital at once. 那位头部受伤的人要立即送往医院。
The fallen leaves covered the ground. 落叶覆盖着大地。
（三）有效训练、巩固與内化
1.原题练习。选择原高考题练习，记熟经典例句以及命题主旨。
2.对比练习。做一些类似的练习，同时与经典例句比较，熟练识别考查要点。
3.强化易错考查点的纠错练习，。充分利用错题集资源，把所记载的此类语法题做上记号或另列出来逐个分析， 以便更了解自己， 在训练中自纠提高。
4.综合训练。自编、改编或自选一些有语境的语法与词汇融合在一起的题目，可以是单选题、翻译句子、短文改错、完形填空或是书面表达练习，做完后要作点评与总结。
5.注意新课标与新编教材中一些地道的表达法，在具体情境中恰当使用非谓语动词形式，准确表达交际意图。
三、非谓语动词针对性练习
I. 选择正确答案
()1.Russs and and Earl were auto mechanics __________ the same pay， but Earl had more ambition.
a.to earn b.to have earnedc.earning d.earned
( )2.__________ automatically， the e-mail will be received by all the club members.
a.Having mailed out b.Mailing out
c.To be mailed out____________d. Mailed out
( )3.He got well-prepared for the job interview， for he coundn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
a.to loseb.losing c.to be lostd.being lost
( )4._____________ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
a.Putb.Putting c.Having put d.Being put
( )5.This company was the first ____________ portable radios as well cassette tape recorders in the world.
a.producingb.to producec.having producedd.produced
( )6.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，____________it more difficult.
a.not makingb.not makec.not to make d.nor to make
( )7.Accustomed to____________the steep mountain， he had no difficulty in reaching the top.
a.climbing b. climb c.having climbedd.haved climbed
( )8.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World， the Inians____________jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly .
a.wearingb.to wear c.wornd.having worn
( )9.The disc， digitally____________in the studio， sound fantastic at the party that night.
a..having recorded b.recording
c.to be recordedd .recorded
( )10.Having been attacked by terrioists ，____________.
a.doctors came to theirs rescue
b.the tall building collapased
c.an emergency measure was taken
d.warnings were given to tourists
( )11.After this journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home，____________.
a.exhaustingb.exhausted
c.being exhausted d.having exhausted
( )12.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain____________as the plane was making a landing.
a.seatb.seating c.seated d.to be seating
( )13.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered____________clear warning before firing any shots.
a.to issueb.being issuedc.to have issuedd.to be issued
( )14.I feel it is your husband who____________for the spoiled child.
a.is to blameb.is going to blame
c.is to be blamed d.should blame
( )15.In some part of London， missing a bus means____________for another hour.
a.waiting b.to wait c.wait d.to be waiting
( )16.Certainly， anyone____________had to go the manager’s office that afternoon..
a. concerningb.to concernc.being concerned d. concerned
( )17.____________ by his colleagues as a “distinguished teacher ” has supported the notion(观念)that he is doing a good job.
a.Elected b. Electing
c. Having being electedd. Being elected
( )18.In order to improve English，____________ .
a.Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.
b.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
c.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
d.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
( )19.____________ from heart trouble for years， Professor White has to make some medicine with him wherever he goes.
a.Suffered b.Suffering c.Having suffered d.Being suffered
( )20.Sandy could do nothing but____________to his teacher that he was wrong.
a.admit b.admitted c.admittingd.to admit
II. 用所給的动词的适当形式填空
(lead， raise， notice， breath， warn， reduce， cycle， take， produce， realize)
Cars are one of the1.________________________ causes of air pollution in the world today. Poisonous smoke and gas 2.________________________ by the increasing number of cars on our roads are now a major cause of 3.________________________ problems， especially among children. Health officials， 4.________________________ an increase in the number of people with breathing related diseases， 5.________________________ the public. They have done so in the hope that people will 6.________________________ notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars. 7.________________________ how serious the problem has become， the government has been encouraging people to walk， 8.________________________ or make better use of the underground system.. The aim of this is 9.________________________ air pollution. But the government will have a hard time 10.________________________the awareness of the whole population because cars are attracting and provide convenient access to enjoyment.
III. 完形填空(从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案)
There are many kinds of friends. Some are always with you， but don’t understand you. Some say only a few words to you， but understand you. Many people will step in your life， but only 1 friends leave footprints.
I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the2 . I know she will always be my best friend.
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves 3 in the cool wind. In such a season， I liked walking along in the leaves，4 to the sound of them .
Autumn is a 5 season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 6.But one day， the sound of a violin flowed into my ears like a stream 7 in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was .A young girl， 8 in the wind， was lost in playing her violin.
I had 9 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. 10 in the music， I didn’t know that I had been standing there for so long but my existence did not seem 11 her.
Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin at the corner of the building 12 I went downstairs to watch her performance . I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 13 .Though we didn’tknow each other， I believed she also loved me，14we were already good friends.
Autumn was nearly over. One day ，when I was listening carefully， the sound suddenly 15 . To my astonishment (驚讶) ，the girl came over to me.
“You must like violin.” she said.
“Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked.
Suddenly，a 16 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual.
“I came here to see my grandmother ，but now I must leave. I once played very badly . Itwas your listening every day that 17 me .”she said.
“In fact， it was your 18 that gave me a meaningful autumn，” I answered .“Let’s be friends.” The girl smiled， and so did I.
I never heard her play again in my life . I no longerwent downstairs to listen like before with only thick leaves 19 . But I will always remember the fine figure (身影) of the girl. She is likea 20 soshort， so bright， like a shooting star giving off so much light that it makes the autumn beautiful.
( )1.a. young b. true c. new d. old
( )2.a. sound b. song c. playd. violin
( )3.a. shakingb. hangingc. falling d. floating
( )4.a. to listenb. listenedc. and listenedd. listening
( )5a. lively b. lovely c. harvest d. lonely
( )6.a. up b. offc. downd. over
( )7.a. flowingb. runningc. floating d. lying
( )8.a. stood b.who is standing c. standingd. wasstanding
( )9.a. onceb. neverc. often d. usually
( )10. a. Lost b. Losingc. Having lostd. Getting lost
( )11. a. pleasing b. to comfort c. to have disturbed d. to haveattracted
( )12. a. becauseb. if c. whend. but
( )13. a. interestingb. moving c. encouraging d. exciting
( )14. a. sensed b. knowing c. to have sensedd. sensing.
( )15. a. stopped b. beganc. gone d. changed
( )16. a. happyb. sadc. stranged. surprised
( )17. a. surprised b. excited c. encouraged d. interested
( )18. a. listeningb. existingc. playingd. coming
( )19. a. left behindb. leaving behind c. were left behind d. that left behind
( )20. a. song b. dreamc. fired. sister
参考答案及说明
I．选择题
1．c 现在分词作定语
2．d过去分词作状语与句子主语构成连逻辑上的被动关系
3．b risk后要用动名词作宾语
4．a 过去分词作状语，与句子主语“ hotline”构成逻辑上的被动关系
5．b 动词不定式作定语，当名词前有“the first”，“the last”之类的词修饰时，往往用动词不定式来做定语，而不用 v-ing 分词
6．c 动词不定式作表语，与前面to make life easier并列
7．a 在Be(get ，become) accustomed to (=be used to ) “习惯于……”短语中，后接名词、代词、动名词
8．a 现在分词作定语
9．d 过去分词作定语
10．b 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语需保持一致。
11．b 过去分词作状语，表示伴随说明主语的状况。
12．c 过去分词，seat通常作 vt.使用，remain 为联系动词
13．a 動词不定式作主语补足语
14．a 动词不定式的主动形式，表示被动意义。
15．a mean 后接动名词为“意味着”。
16．d 过去分词作定语相当于一定语从句anyone who was concerned
17．d 动名词被动结构作主语。
18. b 动词不定式作目的状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
19. c 现在分词作状语，现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式。
20. a 考查省略动词不定式“to”的情况。在do nothing but 后，通常接不带“to”的动词不定式。
II．短文填词：
1..leading 现在分词作定语
2.produced过去分词作定语
3.breathing动名词作定语
4.noticing 现在分词作状语、表原因
5.have warned根据意思应用现在完成时
6.take take notice of sth 是“注意”的意思
7.Realizing 现在分词作状语、表原因
8.cycle与walk以及后的make better use of 是并列的宾补
9.to reduce 动词不定式作表语表示将要发生的动作
10.raising用于have a hard time (in) doing 结构中
III. 完形填空：
1. b. “真正的朋友”才符合题意。
2. d. 根据下文提示，应选d
3. c. 树叶正在下落。
4. d. 现在分词作伴随状语。
5. d. 根据后半句的uninteresting，确定选用d，表示作者的一种伤感。
6. c. get sb down 使某人情绪低落。
7. a. 水的流动用flow.
8. c. 现在分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
9. b.根据上下文应选b， 表示以前从未见过。
10. alost in music，沉浸在音乐之中，这是过去分词作状语，逻辑上与句子主语构成被动关系。
11. c. 表示陌生人的到来没有干扰她弹琴。
12. c. 当我下楼来的时候。
13. a. 表示作者态度的改变与前面形成对比。
14. d. 现在分词作状语，表示感觉到。
15. a. 谓语动词，意思是“停止了”。
16. b. 表示女孩在离开前的伤感。
17. c. 谓语动词，意思是“鼓励”。
18. c. 动名词在强调结构中作主语。
19. a.with only thick leaves left behind 是“with 复合结构”作状语，left为过去分词。
20. b. 表示作者对偶遇女孩的经历很珍惜，对其突然离开表示惋惜。
中学英语教材从初中到高中都涉及非谓语动词的用法。但是，到了高三学生仍弄不清非谓语动词用法的区别，在使用时总是出错。为帮助学生提高复习效率，掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔着认真研读了江苏3年自主命题的试卷，试图追寻高考命题的轨迹，捕捉高考命题的规律，以便给同学们提出一些2007年备考复习策略。
一、3年江苏高考试题中非谓语动词考查点剖析
2.非谓语动词的变化形式(时态与语态) （以动词do为例）
3.非谓语动词的其他一些相关必要的基础知识
（1）非谓语动词的否定形式构成是在该非谓语动词形式前加“not”。
I apologize for not informing you of the result earlier. “not informing”为动名词的否定形式。
（2）非谓语动词形式保留了动词的一些特性，最明显的是它们仍可带有自己的宾语和宾补。
He is good at getting others involved in her games.“others” 为宾语， “ involved”为宾补。
（3）非谓语动词形式可以与自己逻辑上的主语构成复合结构。
A.动词不式的逻辑主语用for或of引出，为“for sb/ of sb”形式。 It’s important for them to tell right from wrong. It’s clever of you to make up such jokes.句中 “for them to tell right from wrong” 与 “of you to make up such jokes”为动词不式的复合结构。
B.动名词的逻辑主语为物主代词或名词的所有格（也可用宾格）形式。I like his /him/Tom’s singing English songs.
C.分詞的逻辑主语为名词（代词），在句中构成了独立主格。The work done， they went directly home./ It being fine， they set out on a journey.
（二）归纳比较非谓语动词用法的区别及易错点
1.不定式与动名词在句子中作主语时的特征与差别
动词不定式可直接作主语也可用于形式主语结构，而动名词用于形式主语it结构的词是有限的，要记住。如：It is no good (no use ，useless，senseless...)、There is no knowing...等。
2.不定式与动名词在句子中作宾语时的特征与差别
不定式与动名词在句子中均可作宾语，但两者有区别。不定式只能作动词宾语，而动名词还能做介词宾语。
（1）在“love ，like， hate， begin， start”等动词后，不定式和动名词作宾语均可，意义没有多大差别。
（2）在下列动词和一些带介词的短语动词后必须跟动名词做其宾语。跟动名词作宾语的动词： advise， admit， appreciate， avoid， consider， dislike， delay， enjoy， escape， excuse， fancy， finish， finish， forgive， forbid， imagine， include， keep， mind， mention， miss， practice， permit， risk， resist， stand， suggest， understand等。一些带介词的短语动词：look forward to， devote...to...， get＼be used to， feel like， insist on， object to...等 。
（3）在下列动词后必须跟带“to”的不定式做其宾语， 这些动词是: agree， ask， afford， choose， decide， demand， expect， fail， hope， learn， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， plan， refuse， want (想要)， wish 等。
（4）有些动词后跟不定式与动名词作宾语均可，但意义有差别，如：forget， remember， regret，go on， stop（stop后的不定式是目的状语）， mean等。
（5）want， need， require 和deserve等动词后接动名词的主动形式表被动含义。（worth是形容词也可归入此类复习）
3.不定式与分词作宾补时的特征与差别
（1）注意宾语和宾补之间的逻辑关系是主动还是被动。
They don’t allow energy drinks to be made in Australia but buy them from New Zealand. 宾语“energydrinks ”和宾补“to be made ”之间在逻辑上是被动关系。
（2）以谓语动词为参照注意宾补表现的行为状况是进行还是完成。
When he returned 10 years later， he found his hometown greatly changed. 这里宾补 changed 表示完成。
They had the lights burning throughout the night because they worked round the clock. 这里宾补“burning ”表示进行。
（3）注意现在分词的完成被动形式等不能做宾补，须用过去分词。
如：Mother was very happy to find my work finished ahead of time. 这里画线部分不能用 having been finished
（4）须省略或保留动词不定式符号“to”的特殊情况
A．省略动词不定式符号“to”的情况：
有些动词后面跟不定式作宾补时，宾补前不用“to”。省略动词不定式符号“to”的情况可用一句话概括。即：“注意”下列“一 ”、“二”、“三”、“四”，“有助于”掌握其用法。“注意”notice， “一感觉 （feel） ”“二听（listen to＼hear）”、“三让”（make ＼ let ＼have ）”、“四看”（watch＼see＼look at＼observe）“有助于”(help)。
B． 保留动词不定式符号“to”的情况：
I often hear him sing English songs. 在以上句式中，宾补前省略动词不定式符号“to”， 但此句式用被动语态时，要恢复宾补前的不定式符号“to”。以上句子应改写为：He is often heard to sing English songs.
有时为了避免重复，在句末可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在 expect， hope， wish， mean， prefer， want， try， 以及be glad， be happy， would like ＼ love 等的后面。如：
——Keep an eye on my house while I am away.
——I’ll be happy to.
4.不定式与分词作状语时的特点与区别
（1）不定式与分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。
To complete the work on time， you must find more hands.这里的you是complete逻辑上的主语，此句一般不这样写：To complete the work on time， more hands must be found.
Having finished the work， they felt totally relaxed. 这里的they是finish逻辑上的主语，而且they与finish有逻辑上的主谓关系。
（2）以句子的主语和谓语为参照，决定选用不定式或分词的形式以及主动与被动。
Contrast can make something appear more beautiful than it is when seen alone. 这里以句子的主语为参照，see 应为被动。
（3）不定式作状语时，多作目的、原因与结果状语。
（4）分词作状语时，多表示时间，原因，条件和伴随状态，有时也能表示方式，让步。
5.4种非谓语动词作定语时的特点与区别
（1） 动名词往往表示其后名词的用途或目的。通常情况下放在所修饰的名词的前面，与后面的名词一起构成复合名词。例如：
working method (=method of working) 工作方法（动名词）
（2） 现在分词对名词起修饰作用，表示该名词的动作，表示主动意义或一个正在进行的动作或有特征性的动作，可以放在所修饰名词的前面也可放在所修饰名词的后面。例如:
exciting news（=news which excites people ）让人兴奋的消息
Do you know the girl sitting (= who is sitting) at the desk? 你认识坐在办公室桌旁的那个姑娘吗？
The house standing (= which stands ) at the foot of the hill is a hospital. 位于山脚下的那座房子是医院。
（3） 不定式表示一般性的或一个未发生的或已完成的动作”。例如：
He is the proper person to translate (= who can translate) the book. 他是翻译这本书的适当人选。
The first people to settle (= who settled) there were from Europe . 首批在那里定居的是欧洲人。
（4） 过去分词表示被动的或已经完成的动作。可以放在所修饰名词的前面也可放在所修饰名词的后面。例如：
The person injured in the head will be sent to hospital at once. 那位头部受伤的人要立即送往医院。
The fallen leaves covered the ground. 落叶覆盖着大地。
（三）有效训练、巩固與内化
1.原题练习。选择原高考题练习，记熟经典例句以及命题主旨。
2.对比练习。做一些类似的练习，同时与经典例句比较，熟练识别考查要点。
3.强化易错考查点的纠错练习，。充分利用错题集资源，把所记载的此类语法题做上记号或另列出来逐个分析， 以便更了解自己， 在训练中自纠提高。
4.综合训练。自编、改编或自选一些有语境的语法与词汇融合在一起的题目，可以是单选题、翻译句子、短文改错、完形填空或是书面表达练习，做完后要作点评与总结。
5.注意新课标与新编教材中一些地道的表达法，在具体情境中恰当使用非谓语动词形式，准确表达交际意图。
三、非谓语动词针对性练习
I. 选择正确答案
()1.Russs and and Earl were auto mechanics __________ the same pay， but Earl had more ambition.
a.to earn b.to have earnedc.earning d.earned
( )2.__________ automatically， the e-mail will be received by all the club members.
a.Having mailed out b.Mailing out
c.To be mailed out____________d. Mailed out
( )3.He got well-prepared for the job interview， for he coundn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
a.to loseb.losing c.to be lostd.being lost
( )4._____________ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
a.Putb.Putting c.Having put d.Being put
( )5.This company was the first ____________ portable radios as well cassette tape recorders in the world.
a.producingb.to producec.having producedd.produced
( )6.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，____________it more difficult.
a.not makingb.not makec.not to make d.nor to make
( )7.Accustomed to____________the steep mountain， he had no difficulty in reaching the top.
a.climbing b. climb c.having climbedd.haved climbed
( )8.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World， the Inians____________jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly .
a.wearingb.to wear c.wornd.having worn
( )9.The disc， digitally____________in the studio， sound fantastic at the party that night.
a..having recorded b.recording
c.to be recordedd .recorded
( )10.Having been attacked by terrioists ，____________.
a.doctors came to theirs rescue
b.the tall building collapased
c.an emergency measure was taken
d.warnings were given to tourists
( )11.After this journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home，____________.
a.exhaustingb.exhausted
c.being exhausted d.having exhausted
( )12.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain____________as the plane was making a landing.
a.seatb.seating c.seated d.to be seating
( )13.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered____________clear warning before firing any shots.
a.to issueb.being issuedc.to have issuedd.to be issued
( )14.I feel it is your husband who____________for the spoiled child.
a.is to blameb.is going to blame
c.is to be blamed d.should blame
( )15.In some part of London， missing a bus means____________for another hour.
a.waiting b.to wait c.wait d.to be waiting
( )16.Certainly， anyone____________had to go the manager’s office that afternoon..
a. concerningb.to concernc.being concerned d. concerned
( )17.____________ by his colleagues as a “distinguished teacher ” has supported the notion(观念)that he is doing a good job.
a.Elected b. Electing
c. Having being electedd. Being elected
( )18.In order to improve English，____________ .
a.Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.
b.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
c.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
d.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
( )19.____________ from heart trouble for years， Professor White has to make some medicine with him wherever he goes.
a.Suffered b.Suffering c.Having suffered d.Being suffered
( )20.Sandy could do nothing but____________to his teacher that he was wrong.
a.admit b.admitted c.admittingd.to admit
II. 用所給的动词的适当形式填空
(lead， raise， notice， breath， warn， reduce， cycle， take， produce， realize)
Cars are one of the1.________________________ causes of air pollution in the world today. Poisonous smoke and gas 2.________________________ by the increasing number of cars on our roads are now a major cause of 3.________________________ problems， especially among children. Health officials， 4.________________________ an increase in the number of people with breathing related diseases， 5.________________________ the public. They have done so in the hope that people will 6.________________________ notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars. 7.________________________ how serious the problem has become， the government has been encouraging people to walk， 8.________________________ or make better use of the underground system.. The aim of this is 9.________________________ air pollution. But the government will have a hard time 10.________________________the awareness of the whole population because cars are attracting and provide convenient access to enjoyment.
III. 完形填空(从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案)
There are many kinds of friends. Some are always with you， but don’t understand you. Some say only a few words to you， but understand you. Many people will step in your life， but only 1 friends leave footprints.
I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the2 . I know she will always be my best friend.
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves 3 in the cool wind. In such a season， I liked walking along in the leaves，4 to the sound of them .
Autumn is a 5 season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 6.But one day， the sound of a violin flowed into my ears like a stream 7 in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was .A young girl， 8 in the wind， was lost in playing her violin.
I had 9 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. 10 in the music， I didn’t know that I had been standing there for so long but my existence did not seem 11 her.
Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin at the corner of the building 12 I went downstairs to watch her performance . I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 13 .Though we didn’tknow each other， I believed she also loved me，14we were already good friends.
Autumn was nearly over. One day ，when I was listening carefully， the sound suddenly 15 . To my astonishment (驚讶) ，the girl came over to me.
“You must like violin.” she said.
“Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked.
Suddenly，a 16 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual.
“I came here to see my grandmother ，but now I must leave. I once played very badly . Itwas your listening every day that 17 me .”she said.
“In fact， it was your 18 that gave me a meaningful autumn，” I answered .“Let’s be friends.” The girl smiled， and so did I.
I never heard her play again in my life . I no longerwent downstairs to listen like before with only thick leaves 19 . But I will always remember the fine figure (身影) of the girl. She is likea 20 soshort， so bright， like a shooting star giving off so much light that it makes the autumn beautiful.
( )1.a. young b. true c. new d. old
( )2.a. sound b. song c. playd. violin
( )3.a. shakingb. hangingc. falling d. floating
( )4.a. to listenb. listenedc. and listenedd. listening
( )5a. lively b. lovely c. harvest d. lonely
( )6.a. up b. offc. downd. over
( )7.a. flowingb. runningc. floating d. lying
( )8.a. stood b.who is standing c. standingd. wasstanding
( )9.a. onceb. neverc. often d. usually
( )10. a. Lost b. Losingc. Having lostd. Getting lost
( )11. a. pleasing b. to comfort c. to have disturbed d. to haveattracted
( )12. a. becauseb. if c. whend. but
( )13. a. interestingb. moving c. encouraging d. exciting
( )14. a. sensed b. knowing c. to have sensedd. sensing.
( )15. a. stopped b. beganc. gone d. changed
( )16. a. happyb. sadc. stranged. surprised
( )17. a. surprised b. excited c. encouraged d. interested
( )18. a. listeningb. existingc. playingd. coming
( )19. a. left behindb. leaving behind c. were left behind d. that left behind
( )20. a. song b. dreamc. fired. sister
参考答案及说明
I．选择题
1．c 现在分词作定语
2．d过去分词作状语与句子主语构成连逻辑上的被动关系
3．b risk后要用动名词作宾语
4．a 过去分词作状语，与句子主语“ hotline”构成逻辑上的被动关系
5．b 动词不定式作定语，当名词前有“the first”，“the last”之类的词修饰时，往往用动词不定式来做定语，而不用 v-ing 分词
6．c 动词不定式作表语，与前面to make life easier并列
7．a 在Be(get ，become) accustomed to (=be used to ) “习惯于……”短语中，后接名词、代词、动名词
8．a 现在分词作定语
9．d 过去分词作定语
10．b 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语需保持一致。
11．b 过去分词作状语，表示伴随说明主语的状况。
12．c 过去分词，seat通常作 vt.使用，remain 为联系动词
13．a 動词不定式作主语补足语
14．a 动词不定式的主动形式，表示被动意义。
15．a mean 后接动名词为“意味着”。
16．d 过去分词作定语相当于一定语从句anyone who was concerned
17．d 动名词被动结构作主语。
18. b 动词不定式作目的状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
19. c 现在分词作状语，现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式。
20. a 考查省略动词不定式“to”的情况。在do nothing but 后，通常接不带“to”的动词不定式。
II．短文填词：
1..leading 现在分词作定语
2.produced过去分词作定语
3.breathing动名词作定语
4.noticing 现在分词作状语、表原因
5.have warned根据意思应用现在完成时
6.take take notice of sth 是“注意”的意思
7.Realizing 现在分词作状语、表原因
8.cycle与walk以及后的make better use of 是并列的宾补
9.to reduce 动词不定式作表语表示将要发生的动作
10.raising用于have a hard time (in) doing 结构中
III. 完形填空：
1. b. “真正的朋友”才符合题意。
2. d. 根据下文提示，应选d
3. c. 树叶正在下落。
4. d. 现在分词作伴随状语。
5. d. 根据后半句的uninteresting，确定选用d，表示作者的一种伤感。
6. c. get sb down 使某人情绪低落。
7. a. 水的流动用flow.
8. c. 现在分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
9. b.根据上下文应选b， 表示以前从未见过。
10. alost in music，沉浸在音乐之中，这是过去分词作状语，逻辑上与句子主语构成被动关系。
11. c. 表示陌生人的到来没有干扰她弹琴。
12. c. 当我下楼来的时候。
13. a. 表示作者态度的改变与前面形成对比。
14. d. 现在分词作状语，表示感觉到。
15. a. 谓语动词，意思是“停止了”。
16. b. 表示女孩在离开前的伤感。
17. c. 谓语动词，意思是“鼓励”。
18. c. 动名词在强调结构中作主语。
19. a.with only thick leaves left behind 是“with 复合结构”作状语，left为过去分词。
20. b. 表示作者对偶遇女孩的经历很珍惜，对其突然离开表示惋惜。