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Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule(双黄升白颗粒, SSG), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on myelosuppression of cancer patients caused by chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 330 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group(220 cases, analysed 209 cases) and the control group(110 cases, analysed 102 cases) with a 2:1 ratio by envelope method. The patients in the treatment group at the first day of chemotherapy started to take SSG for 14 days, while the patients in the control group took Leucogon Tablets. The changes of the blood routine, clinical symptoms and immune function in both groups were observed for safety and efficacy evaluation. Results: At the 7th day of chemotherapy, the white blood cells(WBCs) level in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the WBCs rate in the normal range accounted for 50.2% in the treatment group, the myelosuppression of WBCs and neutrophil were mainly grade Ⅰ, while 8.1% and 5.7% of patients emerged grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ myelosuppression, respectively. The incidence of myelosuppression of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate of Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(84.2% vs. 72.5%, P<0.05). The immune cell levels in both groups were maintained in the normal range. Compared with that before treatment, the levels of CD3~+ and CD4~+ cells were significantly increased in the treatment group after treatment(P<0.05). The discrepancy of CD3~+ and CD4~+ cell activity before and after treatment in both groups were significantly different(P<0.05). No obvious adverse event occurred in both groups. Conclusion: SSG had a protection effect on bone marrow suppression, and alleviated the clinical symptoms together with clinical safety.