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日射光量的绝大部分被大豆群体冠层上部截消。叶面积系数在3—4,植株中、下部受光量即相当恶劣。与透光性关系密切的形态性状有叶片大小、植株收敛与开张、植株高矮、结荚习性和叶柄长短等。 影响产量并有足够增量效应的性状有单个叶面积系数生产效率、株荚数、株粒数、株粒重。在产量结构因素中,株荚数足增重的基本性状。每节荚数的多少与株荚数关系十分密切,是一个具有潜在增产能力的性状。秕荚的产生与荚数多少基本无关,然而籽粒大小却随荚数增多而呈变小规律递减。 影响产量结构因素的形态性状有节数、株高和茎秆重量。株高70—85厘米较为适宜,90厘米以上经济性状变劣。因此在北方选育高产夏大豆品种要具备植株中高、节短、荚密、茎重大、经济系数较高和单个叶面积系数生产效率高以及与之相适应的生态基因型。 本研究是在育种实践基础上提出的。主要为探索北方夏大豆的株型结构、形态性状、经济性状的内在联系及其与产量的关系。从而为新品种选育提供理论和实践上的依据。
Most of the amount of solar radiation by the upper part of the soybean canopy cut off. Leaf area coefficient in 3-4, plants, the lower part of the amount of light that is quite harsh. Morphological traits closely related to translucency include leaf size, plant convergence and opening, plant height, pod habit and petiole length. Affect the yield and have sufficient incremental effects of traits have a single leaf area coefficient of production efficiency, plant pods, grain number, grain weight. In the yield structure factors, the number of plant pods weight gain basic traits. The number of pods per plant is closely related to the number of pods per plant, which is a trait with potential yield increase. Pods and pods produce almost nothing to do with the number of pods, however, with the pods but the size of the grain size decreases with decreasing law. Morphological traits affecting yield structure factors were section number, plant height and stalk weight. Height 70-85 cm is more appropriate, more than 90 cm worse economic traits. Therefore, breeding of high-yield summer soybean varieties in the north should have the plant height, short knot, dense pods, large stems, high economic coefficient and single leaf area coefficient of high production efficiency and the corresponding ecological genotypes. This study is based on the practice of breeding. Mainly to explore northern summer soybean plant structure, morphological traits, economic traits and their relationship with the yield. Thus providing theoretical and practical basis for the breeding of new varieties.