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2005年2月16日,随着《京都议定书》在全球正式生效,碳汇一词也越来越频繁地进入人们视野。所谓碳汇,通俗地说就是森林吸收并储存二氧化碳的多少,或者说是森林吸收并储存二氧化碳的能力。树木通过光合作用吸收了大气中大量的二氧化碳,减缓了温室效应。这就是通常所说的森林的碳汇作用。碳汇是森林与生俱来的众多功能之一。随着《京都议定书》的生效,造林再造林项目的启动,碳交易作为CDM项目清洁发展机制下的一种企业减排的措施,渐渐开始浮出水面。《京都议定书》允许发达国家通过在发展中国家实施减排或增汇项目获得减排指标,用于履行其在《京都议定书》承诺的减排额。这种机制在很大程度上为发达国家提供了一种低于其国内减排成本的减排途径,而对发展中国家而言,则意味着森林除了以往的林产品、木材产品这些可见的实物外,它的不可见的“碳汇”功能也可以换钱。换句话说,不要你的产品,不要你的木材,只要你的树木能正常呼吸,就有人为此买单。听起来真有点天上掉馅饼的味道。当然,这个“馅饼”吃到嘴并不容易。现在距离《京都议定书》第一承诺期2008年到2012年已经为时不远,国际社会留给我们开展项目的时间并不多,加上实施CDM下的造林再造林碳汇项目规则和程序都比较复杂,当前我国许多地方并不具备良好的实施能力,该项目的实施还有一系列的问题有待解决。但毕竟,碳汇项目的启动,为我国林业投、融资开辟了新的渠道,也为我国第二承诺期的碳汇交易打好了基础。积极参与碳汇的研究和探索,为林业拓展外部空间,是我国的明智选择。
On February 16, 2005, as the “Kyoto Protocol” officially came into force globally, the term carbon sink became more and more widely read. The so-called carbon sink, in short, is the forest to absorb and store the amount of carbon dioxide, or the ability of the forest to absorb and store carbon dioxide. Trees absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis, slowing down the greenhouse effect. This is what we call the carbon sequestration of forests. Carbon sinks are one of many features inherent to forests. With the entry into force of the “Kyoto Protocol” and the start-up of afforestation and reforestation projects, carbon trading has gradually begun to emerge as a corporate emission reduction measure under the Clean Development Mechanism under the CDM project. The Kyoto Protocol allows developed countries to obtain emission reduction targets through the implementation of emission reduction or currency enhancement projects in developing countries to meet their commitments under the “Kyoto Protocol.” This mechanism to a large extent for developed countries to provide a lower than its domestic emission reduction costs reduction approach, while for developing countries, means that forests in addition to the past, the forest products, timber products which can be seen In-kind, its invisible “carbon sink” function can also change money. In other words, if you do not want your product or your wood, someone pays for it as long as your trees breathe normally. Sounds like a bit of a pie in the sky. Of course, this “pie” is not easy to eat. It is not far from the first commitment period of “Kyoto Protocol” from 2008 to 2012, and the international community has not given us enough time to start the project. In addition, both the rules and procedures for implementing afforestation and reforestation carbon sequestration projects under the CDM However, at present, many places in our country do not have good implementation capability. There are still a series of problems to be solved in the implementation of this project. However, after all, the launching of the carbon sink project has opened up new channels for China’s forestry investment and financing as well as laid the foundation for China’s second commitment carbon sequestration transaction. To actively participate in the research and exploration of carbon sinks and expand the external space for forestry is a wise choice for our country.