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为了对汽车用铝材分流模挤压过程的温度场分布进行分析,根据刚塑性有限元基本原理,利用数值模拟技术对其进行评估。分析了挤压速度及摩擦因子对坯料截面不同方向(平行及垂直挤压方向)的温度场分布的影响,选取特征点对焊合区域的温度场分布进行研究。对数值模拟结果进行分析可知,当坯料初始温度为450℃,摩擦因子为0.3时,挤压速度由1增至3 mm·s-1时,温度最大值与最小值的差值在X方向上由7℃增至8℃、在Y方向上由9℃增加到10℃;通过对温度场的分析发现:具有良好散热条件的挤压筒壁附近的特征点温度出现一定程度的下降,而一些位于内部的特征点热损失很小,而且与坯料间具有不同程度的热交换,因此温度下降幅度小,在某些点上甚至出现了反常升高。
In order to analyze the distribution of temperature field during the extrusion process of aluminum die for automobiles, the numerical simulation technique was used to evaluate the temperature field distribution according to the rigid plastic finite element method. The influence of extrusion speed and friction factor on temperature field distribution in different directions (parallel and vertical extrusion direction) of billet was analyzed, and the feature points were selected to study the temperature field distribution in welding region. The numerical simulation results show that when the initial temperature of the billet is 450 ℃ and the friction factor is 0.3, the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature in the extrusion direction increases from 1 to 3 mm · s-1 in the X direction From 7 ℃ to 8 ℃, and from 9 ℃ to 10 ℃ in the Y direction. According to the analysis of the temperature field, the temperature of the characteristic points near the extrusion cylinder wall with good heat dissipation decreased to a certain degree, while some The internal feature points have little heat loss and have varying degrees of heat exchange with the billet, so the temperature drop is small and at some point even abnormal increases occur.