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目的:了解北京市低收入群体女性乳腺疾病患病现状,探讨该人群乳腺疾病筛查的可行方法,为该人群乳腺疾病一级预防实施提供借鉴经验。方法:采用目的抽样方式对北京市郊区及在京流动人口妇女开展乳腺疾病健康讲座,同时做乳腺体检和问卷调查。结果:调查的1 247例妇女中患有不同类型乳腺疾病者470例,患病率37.7%,其中乳腺增生占93.1%。25~44岁是乳腺疾病的高发年龄段。年龄与乳腺疾病的发生风险增加有关,OR值=1.325(95%CI:1.142~1.533),文化程度与疾病的发生呈负相关(OR=0.621,95%CI:0.576~0.726)。结论:低收入群体妇女的乳腺疾病患病率与北京市平均水平接近,患病高发年龄段为25~44岁,该人群中文化程度为保护因素。该人群得到健康知识与筛查较为困难,应开展高效低成本的定期检测以及乳腺防病防癌知识的普及教育,以利于乳腺疾病的防治。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence of breast diseases in low-income groups in Beijing and to explore the feasible methods of screening for breast diseases in this population, so as to provide reference experience for primary prevention of breast diseases in this population. Methods: Objective sampling method was used to carry out breast disease health talks for women in the suburbs of Beijing and floating population in Beijing. At the same time, breast examination and questionnaire were conducted. RESULTS: Of the 1,247 women surveyed, 470 had different types of breast disease, with a prevalence of 37.7%, of whom 93.1% were hyperplasia of mammary glands. 25 to 44 years old is the high incidence of breast disease. Age was associated with an increased risk of breast disease. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.325 (95% CI: 1.142-1.533). The educational level was negatively correlated with the incidence of disease (OR = 0.621, 95% CI: 0.576-0.726). Conclusion: The prevalence of breast disease in low-income groups is close to the average in Beijing. The prevalence of breast cancer is 25-44 years old. The education level of the population is protective factor. The population is more difficult to get health knowledge and screening, should carry out regular testing of high efficiency and low cost, as well as popularization education of knowledge of prevention and treatment of breast cancer in order to facilitate the prevention and treatment of breast disease.