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目的掌握大连市儿童免疫规划疫苗预防接种现状。方法采用容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)对大连市2008年1月1日至2010年12月31日出生的898名儿童,进行免疫规划疫苗的接种率调查。结果调查898名儿童,建卡率为99.78%,建证率为99.33%,卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊灰疫苗(OPV)、百白破疫苗(DPT)、麻疹疫苗(MV)、乙肝疫苗(HepB)五种疫苗基础免疫接种率均超过99%,HepB首针及时接种率为97.44%,“五苗”全程接种率为99.55%。实施扩大国家免疫规划后甲肝疫苗(HepA)、A群流脑疫苗(MenA)第一剂、第二剂及乙脑疫苗第一剂(JEV)接种率也均超过99%,且流动儿童、本地儿童各疫苗接种率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。基础免疫疫苗不合格接种共有436针次,其中超期接种338针次,占77.52%。结论将联合疫苗纳入计划免疫将减少超期接种的发生,定期查验接种证,做好查漏补种工作是提高疫苗接种率的重要措施。
Objective To grasp the status quo of vaccination of children immunization program in Dalian. Methods A total of 898 children born in Dalian from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010 were enrolled in this study. The vaccination rate of immunization planning vaccine was investigated by volume proportion probability sampling (PPS). Results Eighty-eight children were surveyed with card rate of 99.78%, card construction rate of 99.33%, BCG, OPV, DPT, MV, HepB) The basic immunization rates of all five vaccines were over 99%, the first vaccination rate of HepB was 97.44%, and the rate of “five seedlings” was 99.55%. Vaccination rates for hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), group A meningitis vaccine (MenA) and the second dose of JEV and the first dose of JEV (JEV) also exceeded 99% after the implementation of the expanded national immunization program, and the floating children, local Children vaccination rate differences were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). A total of 436 needle injections were given to the unqualified basic immunization vaccine, of which 337 were overdosed, accounting for 77.52%. Conclusions Including the combined vaccine into the planned immunization will reduce the incidence of over-vaccination. To regularly check the vaccination certificate, doing a good job of checking and replanting is an important measure to improve the vaccination rate.