论文部分内容阅读
用硬粒种黄火燥和马齿种英粒子二品种为试验研究材料,春播期是四月廿一日,夏播期是六月八日。在土壤水分不缺乏的条件下,春播玉米约需10—12天出苗,夏播玉米由于温度较高,发芽生长较快,约需4—6天出苗。玉米植株各叶出现的间隔期,一般的说先后都还均匀一致,春播的是三天左右,夏播的是二天左右,其中第二、三叶出现的间隔期常较短,而最上一叶出现的间隔期则常较长。同一品种叶数少的植株,各叶出现平均间隔期,常比叶数多的长,即叶片愈多的植株,各叶出现的平均间隔期有愈短的趋势。同一品种,夏播植株的叶片数,有比春播植株的叶片数增多的趋势。玉米的最长叶片常在植株的中上部(自茎基向上的第10—12叶),最宽的叶片常是最长叶片上面的一、二叶,最短最窄的叶片常是第一叶。玉米叶片的寿命(自出叶到枯死),一般是25—70天,植株中上部叶片的长度最长,寿命也常常最长。玉米的剑叶常比植株中上部叶片(即寿命最长叶片)早枯死7—16天。玉米自出苗到拔节的天数常因播种期早迟的不同而有很大的差别,夏播玉米常因气温高生长快,出苗到拔节的天数显著缩短。玉米植株在拔节时常具有8—10片叶子,株高(地面至叶顶)约80—90厘米上下。玉米雄穗伸长期均在拔节之前,当时植株具有6—8片叶子,株高约40—50厘米。夏播玉米自出苗到雄穗伸长天数,雄穗伸长到抽穗天数和始花到终花天数都显著的比春播的少,而抽穗到始花天数则有相反的趋势。玉米果穗伸长期都在开始拔节以后,当时植株约有10—12片叶子(春播英粒子品种约有8—10片叶子),株高约90—100厘米。玉米植株中部五、六个腋芽(约在第7—14叶),一般都可以伸长发育,上部的腋芽先开始伸长,但只有最上一、二个腋芽才能发育成为果穗,其他腋芽均在开始伸长后不久停止发育。果穗多着生在第10—14叶的叶腋,果穗以上的腋芽都潜伏不发育,植株基部的几个腋芽也都不发育。玉米自出苗到果穗吐丝这段生育期的发育,夏播的比春播的快,自吐丝到成熟的发育,夏播的由于气温已经逐渐降低,故反而比春播的慢。夏播早熟玉米的生长期都比春播的短。
The experiment was conducted on the two cultivars, Huanghuoshu and Deguo Yinggong, in spring. The spring sowing date was April 21 and the summer sowing date was June 8. In the condition of soil moisture is not scarce, the spring sowing about 10-12 days of emergence of corn, summer sowing due to the higher temperature, germination and growth faster, about 4-6 days of emergence. The interval between the emergence of leaves of corn plants, generally speaking, has also been uniform, the spring is about three days, summer sowing is about two days, of which the second, the emergence of the third leaf is often shorter intervals, and the most leaf Interval appears often longer. Plants with the same number of leaves less average number of leaves each interval, often longer than the number of leaves, that is, the more leaves of the plants, the leaves of the average interval between the shorter trend. The same species, the number of summer sowing plants leaves, there are more than the number of spring sowing plants tend to increase the number of leaves. The longest corn leaves often in the upper plant (since the stem base up to the first 10-12), the longest leaf blade is the longest leaf above the second leaf, the shortest and narrowest leaf is often the first leaf . Maize leaf life (from leaves to dead), usually 25-70 days, the upper leaves of plants the longest, the longest life expectancy. Corn leaves often die earlier than plants in the upper leaves (that is, the longest life-span leaves) early death 7-16 days. The number of days from emergence to jointing of maize often varies greatly from early to late sowing date. Summer sowing often grows rapidly due to high temperature, and the number of days from emergence to jointing is significantly shortened. Corn plants often have 8-10 leaves at jointing, with plant height (ground to the top of the leaves) about 80-90 cm up and down. Maize tassel elongation period are in the jointing before, when the plants have 6-8 leaves, plant height of about 40-50 cm. Summer corn sowing to tassel elongation from the number of days, tassel elongation to the number of days and the beginning of flowering to the final number of flowers were significantly less than the spring sowing, and heading to the beginning of the days have the opposite trend. Corn ear elongation are beginning after the jointing, when the plants about 10-12 leaves (spring sowing British particles about 8-10 leaves), about 90-100 cm tall. Five or six axillary buds (about the 7-14th leaf) in the middle of the maize plant generally elongate and develop. The upper axillary buds begin to elongate first, but only the uppermost and the two axillary buds develop into ears and the other axillary buds are in the Shortly after the start of elongation to stop development. Ears more than students in the first 10-14 leaf axils, axillary buds above the fruit are not latent growth, plant axillary buds at the base are also not developed. Corn from sprouting to ear spinning silviculture during this period of development, summer sowing than sowing fast, from silking to mature development, summer sowing due to the temperature has been gradually reduced, it is slower than the spring sowing. Early summer sowing corn growing season than sowing short.