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研究不同生育期调亏及亏缺程度对土壤水盐分布和河套蜜瓜产量的影响。采用田间滴灌试验,分别在蜜瓜伸蔓期和结果期进行20%、30%和40%灌水量亏缺处理。试验结果表明:充分灌溉处理(T1)的土壤剖面含水率随时间波动最为剧烈,伸蔓期和结果期亏缺处理的土壤剖面含水率平均极差分别比T1低48.5%和80%。各处理的土壤剖面盐渍度随时间均有增长趋势,T1的土壤剖面平均电导率在生育期前后的增幅为0.026ds/m,亏缺灌溉处理的增幅为0.073~0.098ds/m。伸蔓期和结果期亏缺处理的产量平均值分别比充分灌溉处理显著降低16.0%和20.5%,但2个时期亏缺处理的产量之间不存在显著性差异。伸蔓期亏缺处理的平均灌溉水利用效率比T1低11.6%,而结果期亏缺处理比T1高6.5%。在结果期亏缺处理中,进行30%灌水量亏缺的T7产量最高,并与伸蔓期各亏缺处理相对于T1的减产幅度相差不大,但灌水量比T1低25.0%,灌溉水利用效率比T1高9.0%。因此,为取得较好的节水效应和灌溉水利用效率,T7是滴灌条件下河套蜜瓜覆膜起垄种植的最佳选择。
The effects of different deficit periods and deficit in different growth stages on the distribution of soil water and salt and the yield of honeydew melon in Hetao were studied. Field drip irrigation experiments were conducted to deal with the deficits of 20%, 30% and 40% of the irrigation amount during the flowering and fruiting stages of honeydew. The results showed that the moisture content of soil profiles in fully irrigated condition (T1) fluctuated the most intensely with time, and the mean range of soil profile moisture content in extensile and fruiting stages was 48.5% and 80% lower than T1 respectively. The salinity of soil profile increased with time. The average conductivity of soil profile in T1 increased 0.026ds / m before and after the growth period, and the increase of deficit irrigation was 0.073 ~ 0.098ds / m. The mean yields of stretch and fruiting phases decreased significantly by 16.0% and 20.5%, respectively, compared with those under full irrigation, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments. The average irrigation water use efficiency in deficit treatment was 11.6% lower than that in T1, while the deficit treatment in the result period was 6.5% higher than T1. In the treatment of the deficit period, the yield of T7 with 30% irrigation deficit was the highest, and it was not different from that of T1 with the deficit treatment in stretch manure period, but the irrigation amount was 25.0% lower than T1. The irrigation water Use efficiency higher than T1 9.0%. Therefore, in order to obtain better water-saving effect and utilization efficiency of irrigation water, T7 is the best choice for drip irrigation under the conditions of drip irrigation.