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目的调查某公司阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池生产过程中存在的职业性有害因素及其危害程度,确定职业性有害因素关键控制点,制定职业病危害预防控制的有效对策。方法采取现场卫生学调查、检测分析、定量分级相结合的方法进行评价。结果在生产过程各个环节中产生的主要职业危害因素有铅尘、铅烟、硫酸、石墨尘、煤尘、锰尘、噪声等。经检测粉尘浓度范围在0.6～10.7 mg/m3,分片区石墨尘时间加权平均(TWA)浓度超标。化学毒物铅烟浓度范围在0.004～11.629mg/m3,铅尘浓度范围在0.004～13.637 mg/m3,所有测点的TWA均超标。硫酸浓度范围在<0.14～2.20 mg/m3,化成区水洗作业点短时间接触浓度(STEL)超标。噪声检测铅粉车间熔炉区噪声超标,最大值达到97.9 dB(A)。80%工作场所照度不符合职业卫生要求。根据检测结果确认,粉尘的关键控制点是分片作业。化学毒物的关键控制点是合膏、化成、固化、包装、焊接、铸条作业。物理因素的关键控制点是铅粉机打磨时的噪声。结论该企业铅尘、铅烟TWA浓度均不同程度地超过职业卫生限值,属职业危害严重的生产企业,必须进行整改。应增加生产厂房,改善设备布局空间,有效运行防尘防毒设施,防止职业危害因素的产生。
Objective To investigate the occupational harmful factors and their harmfulness in the production of VRLA batteries in a certain company, to determine the key control points of occupational harmful factors and to formulate effective countermeasures for the prevention and control of occupational hazards. Methods The methods of on-site hygiene investigation, testing and analysis, and quantitative grading were used for evaluation. Results The main occupational hazard factors in the production process were lead dust, lead smoke, sulfuric acid, graphite dust, coal dust, manganese dust and noise. The tested dust concentration ranged from 0.6 to 10.7 mg / m3, and the time weighted average (TWA) concentration of graphite dust in each sub-area exceeded the standard. Lead concentrations of chemical poisons ranged from 0.004 to 11.629 mg / m3, lead dust concentrations ranged from 0.004 to 13.637 mg / m3, and TWA at all testing sites exceeded the standard. Sulfuric acid concentration in the range of <0.14 ~ 2.20 mg / m3, into the area washing operation point short-term exposure concentration (STEL) exceeded. Noise testing Lead furnace furnace area furnace noise exceeded the maximum to 97.9 dB (A). 80% workplace illumination does not meet occupational health requirements. According to the test results confirm that the key point of dust control is the fragmentation operation. The key control point of chemical poisons is compound, chemical, curing, packaging, welding, casting operation. The key control point of the physical factors is the noise when the powder mill polishes. Conclusion The lead dust and lead smoke TWA concentrations all exceed the occupational health limits to varying degrees. It is a manufacturing enterprise with serious occupational hazards and must be rectified. Should increase the production plant, improve the layout of equipment, dust and anti-virus facilities to run effectively to prevent occupational hazards.